The mediating roles of the oral microbiome in saliva and subgingival sites between e-cigarette smoking and gingival inflammation

The mediating roles of the oral microbiome in saliva and subgingival sites between e-cigarette smoking and gingival inflammation

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been widely used by young individuals in the U.S. while being considered less harmful than conventional tobacco cigarettes. However, ECs have increasingly been regarded as a health risk, producing detrimental chemicals that may cause, combined wit...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bongsoo Park, Hyunwook Koh, Michael Patatanian, Hermes Reyes-Caballero, Ni Zhao, Jill Meinert, Janet T. Holbrook, Leah I. Leinbach, Shyam Biswal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2023-02-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
Subjects:
Electronic cigarette
Oral microbiome
Saliva microbiome
Subgingival microbiome
Gingival inflammation
Periodontal disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02779-z

Internet

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02779-z

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