Choline metabolism underpins macrophage IL-4 polarization and RELMα up-regulation in helminth infection.
Type 2 cytokines like IL-4 are hallmarks of helminth infection and activate macrophages to limit immunopathology and mediate helminth clearance. In addition to cytokines, nutrients and metabolites critically influence macrophage polarization. Choline is an essential nutrient known to support normal...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-09-01
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Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1011658&type=printable |