Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis beyond the lung: understanding disease mechanisms to improve diagnosis and management

Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disorder with an estimated median survival time of 3–5 years after diagnosis. This condition occurs primarily in elderly subjects, and epidemiological studies suggest that the main risk factors, ageing and exposure to cigarett...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fabrizio Luppi, Meena Kalluri, Paola Faverio, Michael Kreuter, Giovanni Ferrara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-04-01
Series:Respiratory Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01711-1