Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy
Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant metastases among patients with advanced disease account for the high mortality rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) conta...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Molecular Cancer |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01294-3 |
| _version_ | 1818936780344262656 |
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| author | Ajaz A. Bhat Sabah Nisar Selma Maacha Tatiana Correa Carneiro-Lobo Sabah Akhtar Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen Nissar A. Wani Arshi Rizwan Puneet Bagga Mayank Singh Ravinder Reddy Shahab Uddin Jean-Charles Grivel Gyan Chand Michael P. Frenneaux Mushtaq A. Siddiqi Davide Bedognetti Wael El-Rifai Muzafar A. Macha Mohammad Haris |
| author_facet | Ajaz A. Bhat Sabah Nisar Selma Maacha Tatiana Correa Carneiro-Lobo Sabah Akhtar Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen Nissar A. Wani Arshi Rizwan Puneet Bagga Mayank Singh Ravinder Reddy Shahab Uddin Jean-Charles Grivel Gyan Chand Michael P. Frenneaux Mushtaq A. Siddiqi Davide Bedognetti Wael El-Rifai Muzafar A. Macha Mohammad Haris |
| author_sort | Ajaz A. Bhat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant metastases among patients with advanced disease account for the high mortality rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, adipocytes, stromal proteins, and growth factors, which play a significant role in supporting the growth and aggressive behavior of cancer cells. The complex and dynamic interactions of the secreted cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and their receptors mediate chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME favoring tumor progression, metastasis, and decreased response to therapy. The molecular changes in the TME are used as biological markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment in patients. This review highlighted the novel insights into the understanding and functional impact of deregulated cytokines and chemokines in imparting aggressive EC, stressing the nature and therapeutic consequences of the cytokine-chemokine network. We also discuss cytokine-chemokine oncogenic potential by contributing to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metastatic niche, and therapeutic resistance development. In addition, it discusses the wide range of changes and intracellular signaling pathways that occur in the TME. Overall, this is a relatively unexplored field that could provide crucial insights into tumor immunology and encourage the effective application of modulatory cytokine-chemokine therapy to EC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:41:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93508395f39f499988e58d9ffbdea3d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-4598 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:41:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Cancer |
| spelling | doaj.art-93508395f39f499988e58d9ffbdea3d92022-12-21T19:51:27ZengBMCMolecular Cancer1476-45982021-01-0120112010.1186/s12943-020-01294-3Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapyAjaz A. Bhat0Sabah Nisar1Selma Maacha2Tatiana Correa Carneiro-Lobo3Sabah Akhtar4Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen5Nissar A. Wani6Arshi Rizwan7Puneet Bagga8Mayank Singh9Ravinder Reddy10Shahab Uddin11Jean-Charles Grivel12Gyan Chand13Michael P. Frenneaux14Mushtaq A. Siddiqi15Davide Bedognetti16Wael El-Rifai17Muzafar A. Macha18Mohammad Haris19Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra MedicineFunctional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra MedicineResearch Department, Sidra MedicineLaboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra MedicineTranslational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical CorporationTranslational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical CorporationDepartment of Biotechnology, Central University of KashmirDepartment of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children’s Research HospitalDr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), AIIMSDepartment of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaTranslational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical CorporationResearch Department, Sidra MedicineDepartment of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical CorporationWatson–Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra MedicineDepartment of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineWatson–Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and TechnologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra MedicineAbstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant metastases among patients with advanced disease account for the high mortality rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, adipocytes, stromal proteins, and growth factors, which play a significant role in supporting the growth and aggressive behavior of cancer cells. The complex and dynamic interactions of the secreted cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and their receptors mediate chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME favoring tumor progression, metastasis, and decreased response to therapy. The molecular changes in the TME are used as biological markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment in patients. This review highlighted the novel insights into the understanding and functional impact of deregulated cytokines and chemokines in imparting aggressive EC, stressing the nature and therapeutic consequences of the cytokine-chemokine network. We also discuss cytokine-chemokine oncogenic potential by contributing to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metastatic niche, and therapeutic resistance development. In addition, it discusses the wide range of changes and intracellular signaling pathways that occur in the TME. Overall, this is a relatively unexplored field that could provide crucial insights into tumor immunology and encourage the effective application of modulatory cytokine-chemokine therapy to EC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01294-3Esophageal cancerCytokinesChemokinesInflammationTumor microenvironmentEpithelial-Mesenchymal transition |
| spellingShingle | Ajaz A. Bhat Sabah Nisar Selma Maacha Tatiana Correa Carneiro-Lobo Sabah Akhtar Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen Nissar A. Wani Arshi Rizwan Puneet Bagga Mayank Singh Ravinder Reddy Shahab Uddin Jean-Charles Grivel Gyan Chand Michael P. Frenneaux Mushtaq A. Siddiqi Davide Bedognetti Wael El-Rifai Muzafar A. Macha Mohammad Haris Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy Molecular Cancer Esophageal cancer Cytokines Chemokines Inflammation Tumor microenvironment Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition |
| title | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
| title_full | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
| title_fullStr | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
| title_short | Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy |
| title_sort | cytokine chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer promising avenue for targeted therapy |
| topic | Esophageal cancer Cytokines Chemokines Inflammation Tumor microenvironment Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01294-3 |
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