Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragment

Diacylglycerol kinase-ε (DGKε) catalyzes phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid with a unique specificity toward 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, which is a backbone of phosphatidylinositol (PI). Owing to this specificity, DGKε is involved in the PI cycle maintaining the cellul...

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Main Authors: Gabriela Traczyk, Aneta Hromada-Judycka, Anna Świątkowska, Julia Wiśniewska, Anna Ciesielska, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-01-01
Series:Journal of Lipid Research
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227523001530
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author Gabriela Traczyk
Aneta Hromada-Judycka
Anna Świątkowska
Julia Wiśniewska
Anna Ciesielska
Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
author_facet Gabriela Traczyk
Aneta Hromada-Judycka
Anna Świątkowska
Julia Wiśniewska
Anna Ciesielska
Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
author_sort Gabriela Traczyk
collection DOAJ
description Diacylglycerol kinase-ε (DGKε) catalyzes phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid with a unique specificity toward 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, which is a backbone of phosphatidylinositol (PI). Owing to this specificity, DGKε is involved in the PI cycle maintaining the cellular level of phosphorylated PI derivatives of signaling activity and was also found crucial for lipid metabolism. DGKε dysfunction is linked with the development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and possibly other human diseases. Despite the DGKε significance, data on its regulation by cotranslational and/or post-translational modifications are scarce. Here, we report that DGKε is S-palmitoylated at Cys38/40 (mouse/human DGKε) located in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal putative transmembrane fragment. The S-palmitoylation of DGKε was revealed by metabolic labeling of cells with a palmitic acid analogue followed by click chemistry and with acyl-biotin and acyl-polyethylene glycol exchange assays. The S-acyltransferases zDHHC7 (zinc finger DHHC domain containing) and zDHHC17 and the zDHHC6/16 tandem were found to catalyze DGKε S-palmitoylation, which also increased the DGKε abundance. Mouse DGKε-Myc ectopically expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells localized to the endoplasmic reticulum where zDHHC6/16 reside and in small amounts also to the Golgi apparatus where zDHHC7 and zDHHC17 are present. The Cys38Ala substitution upregulated, whereas hyperpalmitoylation of wild-type DGKε reduced the kinase activity, indicating an inhibitory effect of the Cys38 S-palmitoylation. In addition, the substitution of neighboring Pro31 with Ala also diminished the activity of DGKε. Taken together, our data indicate that S-palmitoylation can fine-tune DGKε activity in distinct cellular compartments, possibly by affecting the distance between the kinase and its substrate in a membrane.
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spelling doaj.art-93682eb7c0414837a82fa32346a99b6b2024-01-25T05:22:31ZengElsevierJournal of Lipid Research0022-22752024-01-01651100480Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragmentGabriela Traczyk0Aneta Hromada-Judycka1Anna Świątkowska2Julia Wiśniewska3Anna Ciesielska4Katarzyna Kwiatkowska5Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, PolandFor correspondence: Katarzyna Kwiatkowska; Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, PolandDiacylglycerol kinase-ε (DGKε) catalyzes phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid with a unique specificity toward 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, which is a backbone of phosphatidylinositol (PI). Owing to this specificity, DGKε is involved in the PI cycle maintaining the cellular level of phosphorylated PI derivatives of signaling activity and was also found crucial for lipid metabolism. DGKε dysfunction is linked with the development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and possibly other human diseases. Despite the DGKε significance, data on its regulation by cotranslational and/or post-translational modifications are scarce. Here, we report that DGKε is S-palmitoylated at Cys38/40 (mouse/human DGKε) located in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal putative transmembrane fragment. The S-palmitoylation of DGKε was revealed by metabolic labeling of cells with a palmitic acid analogue followed by click chemistry and with acyl-biotin and acyl-polyethylene glycol exchange assays. The S-acyltransferases zDHHC7 (zinc finger DHHC domain containing) and zDHHC17 and the zDHHC6/16 tandem were found to catalyze DGKε S-palmitoylation, which also increased the DGKε abundance. Mouse DGKε-Myc ectopically expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells localized to the endoplasmic reticulum where zDHHC6/16 reside and in small amounts also to the Golgi apparatus where zDHHC7 and zDHHC17 are present. The Cys38Ala substitution upregulated, whereas hyperpalmitoylation of wild-type DGKε reduced the kinase activity, indicating an inhibitory effect of the Cys38 S-palmitoylation. In addition, the substitution of neighboring Pro31 with Ala also diminished the activity of DGKε. Taken together, our data indicate that S-palmitoylation can fine-tune DGKε activity in distinct cellular compartments, possibly by affecting the distance between the kinase and its substrate in a membrane.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227523001530atypical hemolytic uremic syndromecell signalingdiacylglycerol kinasekinase activity assaylipids/chemistrypalmitoylation
spellingShingle Gabriela Traczyk
Aneta Hromada-Judycka
Anna Świątkowska
Julia Wiśniewska
Anna Ciesielska
Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragment
Journal of Lipid Research
atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
cell signaling
diacylglycerol kinase
kinase activity assay
lipids/chemistry
palmitoylation
title Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragment
title_full Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragment
title_fullStr Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragment
title_full_unstemmed Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragment
title_short Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragment
title_sort diacylglycerol kinase ε is s palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its n terminal transmembrane fragment
topic atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
cell signaling
diacylglycerol kinase
kinase activity assay
lipids/chemistry
palmitoylation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227523001530
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