Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains
This study aimed to investigate the impacts of three organic acid salts and two bacterial additives on the fermentation profile, in vitro digestibility and gas production, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage prepared with 10% fresh weight (FW) of wet hulless barley distillers’ g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/672 |
| _version_ | 1797614012946448384 |
|---|---|
| author | Siran Wang Haopeng Liu Jie Zhao Zhihao Dong Junfeng Li Tao Shao |
| author_facet | Siran Wang Haopeng Liu Jie Zhao Zhihao Dong Junfeng Li Tao Shao |
| author_sort | Siran Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to investigate the impacts of three organic acid salts and two bacterial additives on the fermentation profile, in vitro digestibility and gas production, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage prepared with 10% fresh weight (FW) of wet hulless barley distillers’ grains (WHDG), 35% FW of common vetch, 15% FW of whole-crop oat, 10% FW of hulless barley straw, and 30% FW of mixed concentrate. The total mixed ration (555 g kg<sup>−1</sup> FW) was ensiled with six treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) calcium propionate (CAP; 0.5% FW); (3) potassium sorbate (POS; 0.1% FW); (4) sodium diacetate (SDA; 0.5% FW); (5) <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i> (LB; 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cfu g<sup>−1</sup> FW); and (6) <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> (LAC; 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cfu g<sup>−1</sup> FW). All silos (20 L) were opened for the fermentation profile and in vitro digestibility analysis after 95 days of fermentation, and then subjected to an aerobic stability experiment for 14 days. All the TMR silage was well preserved with a low pH (4.32~4.51), acceptable levels of butyric acid (1.34~1.56 g kg<sup>−1</sup> dry matter), and ammonia nitrogen (69.1~87.1 g kg<sup>−1</sup> total nitrogen). All the groups were steady during aerobic exposure, while the SDA treatment was more stable with lower populations of undesirable microorganisms on day 14. The CAP, POS, and SDA treatments evidently (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enhanced the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (54.8~57.5 vs. 48.4%) and neutral detergent fiber (48.4~51.6 vs. 41.1%) compared to the control. By comprehensive consideration, SDA is recommended as additive to enhance fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of TMR silage containing 10% FW of WHDG. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:03:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93f8645841764f098dfa6e5bd63d379e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:03:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-93f8645841764f098dfa6e5bd63d379e2023-11-17T09:04:32ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-02-0113367210.3390/agronomy13030672Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ GrainsSiran Wang0Haopeng Liu1Jie Zhao2Zhihao Dong3Junfeng Li4Tao Shao5Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaThis study aimed to investigate the impacts of three organic acid salts and two bacterial additives on the fermentation profile, in vitro digestibility and gas production, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage prepared with 10% fresh weight (FW) of wet hulless barley distillers’ grains (WHDG), 35% FW of common vetch, 15% FW of whole-crop oat, 10% FW of hulless barley straw, and 30% FW of mixed concentrate. The total mixed ration (555 g kg<sup>−1</sup> FW) was ensiled with six treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) calcium propionate (CAP; 0.5% FW); (3) potassium sorbate (POS; 0.1% FW); (4) sodium diacetate (SDA; 0.5% FW); (5) <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i> (LB; 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cfu g<sup>−1</sup> FW); and (6) <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> (LAC; 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cfu g<sup>−1</sup> FW). All silos (20 L) were opened for the fermentation profile and in vitro digestibility analysis after 95 days of fermentation, and then subjected to an aerobic stability experiment for 14 days. All the TMR silage was well preserved with a low pH (4.32~4.51), acceptable levels of butyric acid (1.34~1.56 g kg<sup>−1</sup> dry matter), and ammonia nitrogen (69.1~87.1 g kg<sup>−1</sup> total nitrogen). All the groups were steady during aerobic exposure, while the SDA treatment was more stable with lower populations of undesirable microorganisms on day 14. The CAP, POS, and SDA treatments evidently (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enhanced the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (54.8~57.5 vs. 48.4%) and neutral detergent fiber (48.4~51.6 vs. 41.1%) compared to the control. By comprehensive consideration, SDA is recommended as additive to enhance fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of TMR silage containing 10% FW of WHDG.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/672aerobic stabilitybacterial inoculantsfermentation profileorganic acid saltstotal mixed ration silage |
| spellingShingle | Siran Wang Haopeng Liu Jie Zhao Zhihao Dong Junfeng Li Tao Shao Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains Agronomy aerobic stability bacterial inoculants fermentation profile organic acid salts total mixed ration silage |
| title | Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains |
| title_full | Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains |
| title_fullStr | Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains |
| title_short | Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains |
| title_sort | influences of organic acid salts and bacterial additives on fermentation profile aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration silage prepared with wet hulless barley distillers grains |
| topic | aerobic stability bacterial inoculants fermentation profile organic acid salts total mixed ration silage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/672 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT siranwang influencesoforganicacidsaltsandbacterialadditivesonfermentationprofileaerobicstabilityandinvitrodigestibilityoftotalmixedrationsilagepreparedwithwethullessbarleydistillersgrains AT haopengliu influencesoforganicacidsaltsandbacterialadditivesonfermentationprofileaerobicstabilityandinvitrodigestibilityoftotalmixedrationsilagepreparedwithwethullessbarleydistillersgrains AT jiezhao influencesoforganicacidsaltsandbacterialadditivesonfermentationprofileaerobicstabilityandinvitrodigestibilityoftotalmixedrationsilagepreparedwithwethullessbarleydistillersgrains AT zhihaodong influencesoforganicacidsaltsandbacterialadditivesonfermentationprofileaerobicstabilityandinvitrodigestibilityoftotalmixedrationsilagepreparedwithwethullessbarleydistillersgrains AT junfengli influencesoforganicacidsaltsandbacterialadditivesonfermentationprofileaerobicstabilityandinvitrodigestibilityoftotalmixedrationsilagepreparedwithwethullessbarleydistillersgrains AT taoshao influencesoforganicacidsaltsandbacterialadditivesonfermentationprofileaerobicstabilityandinvitrodigestibilityoftotalmixedrationsilagepreparedwithwethullessbarleydistillersgrains |