Advanced ECMS for Hybrid Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks with Predictive Battery Discharge and Adaptive Operating Strategy under Real Driving Conditions
To fulfil the CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction targets of the European Union (EU), heavy-duty (HD) trucks need to operate 15% more efficiently by 2025 and 30% by 2030. Their electrification is necessary as conventional HD trucks are already optimized for the long-haul application. The r...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/5171 |