Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Brain cancer is a group of diverse and rapidly growing malignancies that originate in the central nervous system (CNS) and have a poor prognosis. The complexity of brain structure and function makes brain cancer modeling extremely difficult, limiting pathological studies and therapeutic developments...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/4/1253 |
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| author | Zahraa I. Khamis Drishty B. Sarker Yu Xue Nancy Al-Akkary Viviana D. James Changchun Zeng Yan Li Qing-Xiang Amy Sang |
| author_facet | Zahraa I. Khamis Drishty B. Sarker Yu Xue Nancy Al-Akkary Viviana D. James Changchun Zeng Yan Li Qing-Xiang Amy Sang |
| author_sort | Zahraa I. Khamis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brain cancer is a group of diverse and rapidly growing malignancies that originate in the central nervous system (CNS) and have a poor prognosis. The complexity of brain structure and function makes brain cancer modeling extremely difficult, limiting pathological studies and therapeutic developments. Advancements in human pluripotent stem cell technology have opened a window of opportunity for brain cancer modeling, providing a wealth of customizable methods to simulate the disease in vitro. This is achieved with the advent of genome editing and genetic engineering technologies that can simulate germline and somatic mutations found in human brain tumors. This review investigates induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based approaches to model human brain cancer. The applications of iPSCs as renewable sources of individual brain cell types, brain organoids, blood–brain barrier (BBB), and brain tumor models are discussed. The brain tumor models reviewed are glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. The iPSC-derived isogenic cells and three-dimensional (3D) brain cancer organoids combined with patient-derived xenografts will enhance future compound screening and drug development for these deadly human brain cancers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:02:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-948c8f7ecabf4d6eb733ba3e8635ea6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:02:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-948c8f7ecabf4d6eb733ba3e8635ea6b2023-11-16T19:38:25ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-02-01154125310.3390/cancers15041253Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem CellsZahraa I. Khamis0Drishty B. Sarker1Yu Xue2Nancy Al-Akkary3Viviana D. James4Changchun Zeng5Yan Li6Qing-Xiang Amy Sang7Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USALaboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USABrain cancer is a group of diverse and rapidly growing malignancies that originate in the central nervous system (CNS) and have a poor prognosis. The complexity of brain structure and function makes brain cancer modeling extremely difficult, limiting pathological studies and therapeutic developments. Advancements in human pluripotent stem cell technology have opened a window of opportunity for brain cancer modeling, providing a wealth of customizable methods to simulate the disease in vitro. This is achieved with the advent of genome editing and genetic engineering technologies that can simulate germline and somatic mutations found in human brain tumors. This review investigates induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based approaches to model human brain cancer. The applications of iPSCs as renewable sources of individual brain cell types, brain organoids, blood–brain barrier (BBB), and brain tumor models are discussed. The brain tumor models reviewed are glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. The iPSC-derived isogenic cells and three-dimensional (3D) brain cancer organoids combined with patient-derived xenografts will enhance future compound screening and drug development for these deadly human brain cancers.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/4/1253human brain cancerinduced pluripotent stem cell technologytumor microenvironmentisogenic cellsthree-dimensional (3D) cell culture modelsbrain organoids |
| spellingShingle | Zahraa I. Khamis Drishty B. Sarker Yu Xue Nancy Al-Akkary Viviana D. James Changchun Zeng Yan Li Qing-Xiang Amy Sang Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Cancers human brain cancer induced pluripotent stem cell technology tumor microenvironment isogenic cells three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models brain organoids |
| title | Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
| title_full | Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
| title_short | Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
| title_sort | modeling human brain tumors and the microenvironment using induced pluripotent stem cells |
| topic | human brain cancer induced pluripotent stem cell technology tumor microenvironment isogenic cells three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models brain organoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/4/1253 |
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