ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) adulteration in milk fat
Anhydrous milk fat, a household staple in domestic India, faces the threat of adulteration due to its high cost. Vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) is one such adulterant that has been reported in ghee. The presence of vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) in anhydrous milk fat was in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624000390 |
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| author | Vivek Sonvanshi Kamal Gandhi Akshay Ramani Rajan Sharma Raman Seth |
| author_facet | Vivek Sonvanshi Kamal Gandhi Akshay Ramani Rajan Sharma Raman Seth |
| author_sort | Vivek Sonvanshi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anhydrous milk fat, a household staple in domestic India, faces the threat of adulteration due to its high cost. Vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) is one such adulterant that has been reported in ghee. The presence of vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) in anhydrous milk fat was investigated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometric techniques. Spectral data were collected for pure ghee, vanaspati ghee, and ghee samples spiked with vanaspati ghee at different levels (1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, 9 %, 12 %, and 15 %), encompassing the wavenumber range of 4000–500 cm−1. PCA analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns in specific wavenumber regions (1120–1080 cm−1 and 985–955 cm−1) at a significance level of 5 %, effectively distinguishing pure ghee from adulterated samples. SIMCA showed 100 % classification efficiency for pure and vanaspati ghee samples. Additionally, the developed PLS and PCR models exhibited high R2 values (∼1), indicating robust predictive accuracy for detecting vanaspati ghee adulteration in ghee at different concentrations. Thus, ATR-FTIR and chemometrics successfully enabled the detection of vanaspati ghee in milk fat, with a sensitivity as high as 1 %. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:56:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9534df4f1a1249ba8a4b3890c003b339 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-7156 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:56:07Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-9534df4f1a1249ba8a4b3890c003b3392024-02-03T06:35:37ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562024-01-017101343ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) adulteration in milk fatVivek Sonvanshi0Kamal Gandhi1Akshay Ramani2Rajan Sharma3Raman Seth4Research Scholar, Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, IndiaScientist, Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; Corresponding author.Research Scholar, Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, IndiaJoint Director (Research), Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, IndiaPrincipal Scientist, Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, IndiaAnhydrous milk fat, a household staple in domestic India, faces the threat of adulteration due to its high cost. Vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) is one such adulterant that has been reported in ghee. The presence of vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) in anhydrous milk fat was investigated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometric techniques. Spectral data were collected for pure ghee, vanaspati ghee, and ghee samples spiked with vanaspati ghee at different levels (1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, 9 %, 12 %, and 15 %), encompassing the wavenumber range of 4000–500 cm−1. PCA analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns in specific wavenumber regions (1120–1080 cm−1 and 985–955 cm−1) at a significance level of 5 %, effectively distinguishing pure ghee from adulterated samples. SIMCA showed 100 % classification efficiency for pure and vanaspati ghee samples. Additionally, the developed PLS and PCR models exhibited high R2 values (∼1), indicating robust predictive accuracy for detecting vanaspati ghee adulteration in ghee at different concentrations. Thus, ATR-FTIR and chemometrics successfully enabled the detection of vanaspati ghee in milk fat, with a sensitivity as high as 1 %.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624000390Pure gheeVanaspati gheeFatty acid analysisATR-FTIR |
| spellingShingle | Vivek Sonvanshi Kamal Gandhi Akshay Ramani Rajan Sharma Raman Seth ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) adulteration in milk fat Results in Chemistry Pure ghee Vanaspati ghee Fatty acid analysis ATR-FTIR |
| title | ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) adulteration in milk fat |
| title_full | ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) adulteration in milk fat |
| title_fullStr | ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) adulteration in milk fat |
| title_full_unstemmed | ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) adulteration in milk fat |
| title_short | ATR-FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) adulteration in milk fat |
| title_sort | atr ftir coupled with chemometric techniques to detect vanaspati ghee hydrogenated vegetable oil adulteration in milk fat |
| topic | Pure ghee Vanaspati ghee Fatty acid analysis ATR-FTIR |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624000390 |
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