Predicting Vasovagal Reactions to Needles from Facial Action Units
Background: Merely the sight of needles can cause extreme emotional and physical (vasovagal) reactions (VVRs). However, needle fear and VVRs are not easy to measure nor prevent as they are automatic and difficult to self-report. This study aims to investigate whether a blood donors’ unconscious faci...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/4/1644 |