Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed

Summary: Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are all designed for intramuscular (IM) immunization. However, vaccination today failed to prevent the virus infection through the upper respiratory tract, which is partially due to the absence of mucosal immunity activation. Despite the emerging severe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aqu Alu, Li Chen, Hong Lei, Yuquan Wei, Xiaohe Tian, Xiawei Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2022-02-01
Series:EBioMedicine
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396422000251