Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system
Urine is a major source of reclaimed water and fertilizer. Urine treatment involves two key processes: the recovery of nutrients and the rejection of trace organic compounds (TOrCs). In this study, we investigated the rejection of TOrCs and the recovery of nutrients in human urine using a seawater-d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Water Science and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://wst.iwaponline.com/content/86/8/1904 |
| _version_ | 1828159631054077952 |
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| author | Chihiro Gau Satoshi Sato Daizhou Zhang Yasuhiro Ishibashi Jun Kobayashi |
| author_facet | Chihiro Gau Satoshi Sato Daizhou Zhang Yasuhiro Ishibashi Jun Kobayashi |
| author_sort | Chihiro Gau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urine is a major source of reclaimed water and fertilizer. Urine treatment involves two key processes: the recovery of nutrients and the rejection of trace organic compounds (TOrCs). In this study, we investigated the rejection of TOrCs and the recovery of nutrients in human urine using a seawater-driven forward osmosis and membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system. Three 24 h experiments were conducted at draw solution temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C. The average rejection rates of cations, anions, and dissolved organic carbon were more than 93.7% and 79.5% in the FO–MD system and FO side, respectively. Ten types of TOrCs were detected in the feed solution, whereas none were detected in the product water, indicating that the TOrCs were completely rejected. The precipitates, i.e., the recovered nutrients in the FO side, were extremely close to magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite, MgNH4PO4·6H2O), according to their electron microscopic images, elemental composition, and X-ray diffraction spectra, and it was estimated that approximately 85% of the nutrients in the feed solution were recovered. The rejection and recovery efficiencies were unaffected by the draw solution temperature. These results indicate the potential for the sustainable use of FO–MD-based treatments for human urine.
HIGHLIGHTS
More than 93.7% of cations and anions in feed solution were rejected.;
Trace organic compounds were completely rejected in this system.;
Nutrients in feed solution were recovered as struvite.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:05:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95fb474fd98d49c3954ec08a3b94bfe6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0273-1223 1996-9732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:05:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-95fb474fd98d49c3954ec08a3b94bfe62022-12-22T03:56:08ZengIWA PublishingWater Science and Technology0273-12231996-97322022-10-018681904191410.2166/wst.2022.311311Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid systemChihiro Gau0Satoshi Sato1Daizhou Zhang2Yasuhiro Ishibashi3Jun Kobayashi4 Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan Urine is a major source of reclaimed water and fertilizer. Urine treatment involves two key processes: the recovery of nutrients and the rejection of trace organic compounds (TOrCs). In this study, we investigated the rejection of TOrCs and the recovery of nutrients in human urine using a seawater-driven forward osmosis and membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system. Three 24 h experiments were conducted at draw solution temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C. The average rejection rates of cations, anions, and dissolved organic carbon were more than 93.7% and 79.5% in the FO–MD system and FO side, respectively. Ten types of TOrCs were detected in the feed solution, whereas none were detected in the product water, indicating that the TOrCs were completely rejected. The precipitates, i.e., the recovered nutrients in the FO side, were extremely close to magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite, MgNH4PO4·6H2O), according to their electron microscopic images, elemental composition, and X-ray diffraction spectra, and it was estimated that approximately 85% of the nutrients in the feed solution were recovered. The rejection and recovery efficiencies were unaffected by the draw solution temperature. These results indicate the potential for the sustainable use of FO–MD-based treatments for human urine. HIGHLIGHTS More than 93.7% of cations and anions in feed solution were rejected.; Trace organic compounds were completely rejected in this system.; Nutrients in feed solution were recovered as struvite.;http://wst.iwaponline.com/content/86/8/1904lc-ms/msreclaimed waterstruvitetrace organic compoundsxrd |
| spellingShingle | Chihiro Gau Satoshi Sato Daizhou Zhang Yasuhiro Ishibashi Jun Kobayashi Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system Water Science and Technology lc-ms/ms reclaimed water struvite trace organic compounds xrd |
| title | Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system |
| title_full | Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system |
| title_fullStr | Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system |
| title_short | Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system |
| title_sort | recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis membrane distillation fo md hybrid system |
| topic | lc-ms/ms reclaimed water struvite trace organic compounds xrd |
| url | http://wst.iwaponline.com/content/86/8/1904 |
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