Systems View of Deconditioning During Spaceflight Simulation in the PlanHab Project: The Departure of Urine 1 H-NMR Metabolomes From Healthy State in Young Males Subjected to Bedrest Inactivity and Hypoxia
We explored the metabolic makeup of urine in prescreened healthy male participants within the PlanHab experiment. The run-in (5 day) and the following three 21-day interventions [normoxic bedrest (NBR), hypoxic bedrest (HBR), and hypoxic ambulation (HAmb)] were executed in a crossover manner within...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.532271/full |
| _version_ | 1818854770686820352 |
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| author | Robert Šket Leon Deutsch Zala Prevoršek Igor B. Mekjavić Janez Plavec Joern Rittweger Tadej Debevec Tadej Debevec Ola Eiken Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres |
| author_facet | Robert Šket Leon Deutsch Zala Prevoršek Igor B. Mekjavić Janez Plavec Joern Rittweger Tadej Debevec Tadej Debevec Ola Eiken Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres |
| author_sort | Robert Šket |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We explored the metabolic makeup of urine in prescreened healthy male participants within the PlanHab experiment. The run-in (5 day) and the following three 21-day interventions [normoxic bedrest (NBR), hypoxic bedrest (HBR), and hypoxic ambulation (HAmb)] were executed in a crossover manner within a controlled laboratory setup (medical oversight, fluid and dietary intakes, microbial bioburden, circadian rhythm, and oxygen level). The inspired O2 (FiO2) fraction next to inspired O2 (PiO2) partial pressure were 0.209 and 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg for the NBR variant in contrast to 0.141 ± 0.004 and 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg (approx. 4,000 m of simulated altitude) for HBR and HAmb interventions, respectively. 1H-NMR metabolomes were processed using standard quantitative approaches. A consensus of ensemble of multivariate analyses showed that the metabolic makeup at the start of the experiment and at HAmb endpoint differed significantly from the NBR and HBR endpoints. Inactivity alone or combined with hypoxia resulted in a significant reduction of metabolic diversity and increasing number of affected metabolic pathways. Sliding window analysis (3 + 1) unraveled that metabolic changes in the NBR lagged behind those observed in the HBR. These results show that the negative effects of cessation of activity on systemic metabolism are further aggravated by additional hypoxia. The PlanHab HAmb variant that enabled ambulation, maintained vertical posture, and controlled but limited activity levels apparently prevented the development of negative physiological symptoms such as insulin resistance, low-level systemic inflammation, constipation, and depression. This indicates that exercise apparently prevented the negative spiral between the host’s metabolism, intestinal environment, microbiome physiology, and proinflammatory immune activities in the host. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:58:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96118193735b474eb460fdada28997e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:58:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-96118193735b474eb460fdada28997e12022-12-21T20:29:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2020-12-011110.3389/fphys.2020.532271532271Systems View of Deconditioning During Spaceflight Simulation in the PlanHab Project: The Departure of Urine 1 H-NMR Metabolomes From Healthy State in Young Males Subjected to Bedrest Inactivity and HypoxiaRobert Šket0Leon Deutsch1Zala Prevoršek2Igor B. Mekjavić3Janez Plavec4Joern Rittweger5Tadej Debevec6Tadej Debevec7Ola Eiken8Blaz Stres9Blaz Stres10Blaz Stres11Blaz Stres12Blaz Stres13Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, SloveniaNational Institute of Chemistry, NMR Center, Ljubljana, SloveniaGerman Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Muscle and Bone Metabolism, Köln, GermanyDepartment of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Institute of Sanitary Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaLaboratory for Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaWe explored the metabolic makeup of urine in prescreened healthy male participants within the PlanHab experiment. The run-in (5 day) and the following three 21-day interventions [normoxic bedrest (NBR), hypoxic bedrest (HBR), and hypoxic ambulation (HAmb)] were executed in a crossover manner within a controlled laboratory setup (medical oversight, fluid and dietary intakes, microbial bioburden, circadian rhythm, and oxygen level). The inspired O2 (FiO2) fraction next to inspired O2 (PiO2) partial pressure were 0.209 and 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg for the NBR variant in contrast to 0.141 ± 0.004 and 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg (approx. 4,000 m of simulated altitude) for HBR and HAmb interventions, respectively. 1H-NMR metabolomes were processed using standard quantitative approaches. A consensus of ensemble of multivariate analyses showed that the metabolic makeup at the start of the experiment and at HAmb endpoint differed significantly from the NBR and HBR endpoints. Inactivity alone or combined with hypoxia resulted in a significant reduction of metabolic diversity and increasing number of affected metabolic pathways. Sliding window analysis (3 + 1) unraveled that metabolic changes in the NBR lagged behind those observed in the HBR. These results show that the negative effects of cessation of activity on systemic metabolism are further aggravated by additional hypoxia. The PlanHab HAmb variant that enabled ambulation, maintained vertical posture, and controlled but limited activity levels apparently prevented the development of negative physiological symptoms such as insulin resistance, low-level systemic inflammation, constipation, and depression. This indicates that exercise apparently prevented the negative spiral between the host’s metabolism, intestinal environment, microbiome physiology, and proinflammatory immune activities in the host.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.532271/fullurinemetabolomeNMRinactivityinterplanetary travelmedicine |
| spellingShingle | Robert Šket Leon Deutsch Zala Prevoršek Igor B. Mekjavić Janez Plavec Joern Rittweger Tadej Debevec Tadej Debevec Ola Eiken Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Blaz Stres Systems View of Deconditioning During Spaceflight Simulation in the PlanHab Project: The Departure of Urine 1 H-NMR Metabolomes From Healthy State in Young Males Subjected to Bedrest Inactivity and Hypoxia Frontiers in Physiology urine metabolome NMR inactivity interplanetary travel medicine |
| title | Systems View of Deconditioning During Spaceflight Simulation in the PlanHab Project: The Departure of Urine 1 H-NMR Metabolomes From Healthy State in Young Males Subjected to Bedrest Inactivity and Hypoxia |
| title_full | Systems View of Deconditioning During Spaceflight Simulation in the PlanHab Project: The Departure of Urine 1 H-NMR Metabolomes From Healthy State in Young Males Subjected to Bedrest Inactivity and Hypoxia |
| title_fullStr | Systems View of Deconditioning During Spaceflight Simulation in the PlanHab Project: The Departure of Urine 1 H-NMR Metabolomes From Healthy State in Young Males Subjected to Bedrest Inactivity and Hypoxia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systems View of Deconditioning During Spaceflight Simulation in the PlanHab Project: The Departure of Urine 1 H-NMR Metabolomes From Healthy State in Young Males Subjected to Bedrest Inactivity and Hypoxia |
| title_short | Systems View of Deconditioning During Spaceflight Simulation in the PlanHab Project: The Departure of Urine 1 H-NMR Metabolomes From Healthy State in Young Males Subjected to Bedrest Inactivity and Hypoxia |
| title_sort | systems view of deconditioning during spaceflight simulation in the planhab project the departure of urine 1 h nmr metabolomes from healthy state in young males subjected to bedrest inactivity and hypoxia |
| topic | urine metabolome NMR inactivity interplanetary travel medicine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.532271/full |
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