Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants
A collaborative study was undertaken in which five international laboratories participated to determine amino acid fingerprints in 39 authentic nonfat dry milk (NFDM)/skim milk powder (SMP) samples. A rapid method of amino acid analysis involving microwave-assisted hydrolysis followed by ultra-high...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/18/2868 |
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| author | Sneh D. Bhandari Tiffany Gallegos-Peretz Thomas Wheat Gregory Jaudzems Natalia Kouznetsova Katya Petrova Dimple Shah Daniel Hengst Erika Vacha Weiying Lu Jeffrey C. Moore Pierre Metra Zhuohong Xie |
| author_facet | Sneh D. Bhandari Tiffany Gallegos-Peretz Thomas Wheat Gregory Jaudzems Natalia Kouznetsova Katya Petrova Dimple Shah Daniel Hengst Erika Vacha Weiying Lu Jeffrey C. Moore Pierre Metra Zhuohong Xie |
| author_sort | Sneh D. Bhandari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A collaborative study was undertaken in which five international laboratories participated to determine amino acid fingerprints in 39 authentic nonfat dry milk (NFDM)/skim milk powder (SMP) samples. A rapid method of amino acid analysis involving microwave-assisted hydrolysis followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-UV) was used for quantitation of amino acids and to calculate their distribution. The performance of this rapid method of analysis was evaluated and was used to determine the amino acid fingerprint of authentic milk powders. The distribution of different amino acids and their predictable upper and lower tolerance limits in authentic NFDM/SMP samples were established as a reference. Amino acid fingerprints of NFDM/SMP were compared with selected proteins and nitrogen rich compounds (proteins from pea, soy, rice, wheat, whey, and fish gelatin) which can be potential economically motivated adulterants (EMA). The amino acid fingerprints of NFDM/SMP were found to be affected by spiking with pea, soy, rice, whey, fish gelatin and arginine among the investigated adulterants but not by wheat protein and melamine. The study results establish an amino acid fingerprint of authentic NFDM/SMP and demonstrate the utility of this method as a tool in verifying the authenticity of milk powders and detecting their adulteration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:02:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-966807dc4d204626b6c3797172a7a4e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:02:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-966807dc4d204626b6c3797172a7a4e62023-11-23T16:14:35ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-09-011118286810.3390/foods11182868Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential AdulterantsSneh D. Bhandari0Tiffany Gallegos-Peretz1Thomas Wheat2Gregory Jaudzems3Natalia Kouznetsova4Katya Petrova5Dimple Shah6Daniel Hengst7Erika Vacha8Weiying Lu9Jeffrey C. Moore10Pierre Metra11Zhuohong Xie12Merieux NutriSciences, 3600 Eagle Nest Drive, Crete, IL 60417, USAFutureCeuticals, 2692 N. State Rt. 1-17, Momence, IL 60954, USAWaters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USANestlé Quality Assurance Center, 6625 Eiterman Rd., Dublin, OH 43017, USAUnited States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USAUnited States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USAWaters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USAEurofins Food Integrity and Innovation, Madison, WI 53704, USAEurofins Food Integrity and Innovation, Madison, WI 53704, USAInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaUnited States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USAMerieux NutriSciences Corporation, 113 Route de Paris, 69160 Tassin la Demi-Lune, FranceUnited States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USAA collaborative study was undertaken in which five international laboratories participated to determine amino acid fingerprints in 39 authentic nonfat dry milk (NFDM)/skim milk powder (SMP) samples. A rapid method of amino acid analysis involving microwave-assisted hydrolysis followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-UV) was used for quantitation of amino acids and to calculate their distribution. The performance of this rapid method of analysis was evaluated and was used to determine the amino acid fingerprint of authentic milk powders. The distribution of different amino acids and their predictable upper and lower tolerance limits in authentic NFDM/SMP samples were established as a reference. Amino acid fingerprints of NFDM/SMP were compared with selected proteins and nitrogen rich compounds (proteins from pea, soy, rice, wheat, whey, and fish gelatin) which can be potential economically motivated adulterants (EMA). The amino acid fingerprints of NFDM/SMP were found to be affected by spiking with pea, soy, rice, whey, fish gelatin and arginine among the investigated adulterants but not by wheat protein and melamine. The study results establish an amino acid fingerprint of authentic NFDM/SMP and demonstrate the utility of this method as a tool in verifying the authenticity of milk powders and detecting their adulteration.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/18/2868milk powderauthenticationadulterationamino acidsmicrowave-assisted hydrolysischromatography |
| spellingShingle | Sneh D. Bhandari Tiffany Gallegos-Peretz Thomas Wheat Gregory Jaudzems Natalia Kouznetsova Katya Petrova Dimple Shah Daniel Hengst Erika Vacha Weiying Lu Jeffrey C. Moore Pierre Metra Zhuohong Xie Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants Foods milk powder authentication adulteration amino acids microwave-assisted hydrolysis chromatography |
| title | Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants |
| title_full | Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants |
| title_fullStr | Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants |
| title_short | Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants |
| title_sort | amino acid fingerprinting of authentic nonfat dry milk and skim milk powder and effects of spiking with selected potential adulterants |
| topic | milk powder authentication adulteration amino acids microwave-assisted hydrolysis chromatography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/18/2868 |
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