Poison or Potion: Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Bumble Bees and Their Gut Parasite
Specific floral resources may help bees to face environmental challenges such as parasite infection, as recently shown for sunflower pollen. Whereas this pollen diet is known to be unsuitable for the larval development of bumble bees, it has been shown to reduce the load of a trypanosomatid parasite...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/4/545 |
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| author | Antoine Gekière Irène Semay Maxence Gérard Denis Michez Pascal Gerbaux Maryse Vanderplanck |
| author_facet | Antoine Gekière Irène Semay Maxence Gérard Denis Michez Pascal Gerbaux Maryse Vanderplanck |
| author_sort | Antoine Gekière |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Specific floral resources may help bees to face environmental challenges such as parasite infection, as recently shown for sunflower pollen. Whereas this pollen diet is known to be unsuitable for the larval development of bumble bees, it has been shown to reduce the load of a trypanosomatid parasite (<i>Crithidia bombi</i>) in the bumble bee gut. Recent studies suggested it could be due to phenolamides, a group of compounds commonly found in flowering plants. We, therefore, decided to assess separately the impacts of sunflower pollen and its phenolamides on a bumble bee and its gut parasite. We fed <i>Crithidia</i>-infected and -uninfected microcolonies of <i>Bombus terrestris</i> either with a diet of willow pollen (control), a diet of sunflower pollen (natural diet) or a diet of willow pollen supplemented with sunflower phenolamides (supplemented diet). We measured several parameters at both microcolony (i.e., food collection, parasite load, brood development and stress responses) and individual (i.e., fat body content and phenotypic variation) levels. As expected, the natural diet had detrimental effects on bumble bees but surprisingly, we did not observe any reduction in parasite load, probably because of bee species-specific outcomes. The supplemented diet also induced detrimental effects but by contrast to our a priori hypothesis, it led to an increase in parasite load in infected microcolonies. We hypothesised that it could be due to physiological distress or gut microbiota alteration induced by phenolamide bioactivities. We further challenged the definition of medicinal effects and questioned the way to assess them in controlled conditions, underlining the necessity to clearly define the experimental framework in this research field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:08:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9879c8d0e5fe47e182c5f6f031bf1f0d |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:08:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9879c8d0e5fe47e182c5f6f031bf1f0d2023-12-01T00:51:16ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-04-0111454510.3390/biology11040545Poison or Potion: Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Bumble Bees and Their Gut ParasiteAntoine Gekière0Irène Semay1Maxence Gérard2Denis Michez3Pascal Gerbaux4Maryse Vanderplanck5Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, BelgiumOrganic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, BelgiumInsect Lab., Division of Functional Morphology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 11418 Stockholm, SwedenLaboratoire de Zoologie, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, BelgiumOrganic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, BelgiumCEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, FranceSpecific floral resources may help bees to face environmental challenges such as parasite infection, as recently shown for sunflower pollen. Whereas this pollen diet is known to be unsuitable for the larval development of bumble bees, it has been shown to reduce the load of a trypanosomatid parasite (<i>Crithidia bombi</i>) in the bumble bee gut. Recent studies suggested it could be due to phenolamides, a group of compounds commonly found in flowering plants. We, therefore, decided to assess separately the impacts of sunflower pollen and its phenolamides on a bumble bee and its gut parasite. We fed <i>Crithidia</i>-infected and -uninfected microcolonies of <i>Bombus terrestris</i> either with a diet of willow pollen (control), a diet of sunflower pollen (natural diet) or a diet of willow pollen supplemented with sunflower phenolamides (supplemented diet). We measured several parameters at both microcolony (i.e., food collection, parasite load, brood development and stress responses) and individual (i.e., fat body content and phenotypic variation) levels. As expected, the natural diet had detrimental effects on bumble bees but surprisingly, we did not observe any reduction in parasite load, probably because of bee species-specific outcomes. The supplemented diet also induced detrimental effects but by contrast to our a priori hypothesis, it led to an increase in parasite load in infected microcolonies. We hypothesised that it could be due to physiological distress or gut microbiota alteration induced by phenolamide bioactivities. We further challenged the definition of medicinal effects and questioned the way to assess them in controlled conditions, underlining the necessity to clearly define the experimental framework in this research field.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/4/545<i>Crithidia bombi</i><i>Bombus terrestris</i><i>Helianthus annuus</i>specialised metabolitesmicrocolony performancephenotypic variation |
| spellingShingle | Antoine Gekière Irène Semay Maxence Gérard Denis Michez Pascal Gerbaux Maryse Vanderplanck Poison or Potion: Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Bumble Bees and Their Gut Parasite Biology <i>Crithidia bombi</i> <i>Bombus terrestris</i> <i>Helianthus annuus</i> specialised metabolites microcolony performance phenotypic variation |
| title | Poison or Potion: Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Bumble Bees and Their Gut Parasite |
| title_full | Poison or Potion: Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Bumble Bees and Their Gut Parasite |
| title_fullStr | Poison or Potion: Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Bumble Bees and Their Gut Parasite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poison or Potion: Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Bumble Bees and Their Gut Parasite |
| title_short | Poison or Potion: Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Bumble Bees and Their Gut Parasite |
| title_sort | poison or potion effects of sunflower phenolamides on bumble bees and their gut parasite |
| topic | <i>Crithidia bombi</i> <i>Bombus terrestris</i> <i>Helianthus annuus</i> specialised metabolites microcolony performance phenotypic variation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/4/545 |
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