Altered Membrane Expression and Function of CD11b Play a Role in the Immunosuppressive Effects of Morphine on Macrophages at the Nanomolar Level
Morphine, one of the most efficacious analgesics, is effective in severe pain, especially in patients with concomitant painful cancers. The clinical use of morphine may be accompanied by increased immunosuppression, susceptibility to infection and postoperative tumor metastatic recurrence, and the s...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/2/282 |