Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers
Abstract Eggs are good sources of nutrients essential for the growth and development of infants. Introducing eggs as a weaning food can improve dietary adequacy in infants at risk for protein energy malnutrition (PEM). To evaluate the current objective, 72 pups (36 males and 36 females) were used to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Food Science & Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3204 |
| _version_ | 1797849382107742208 |
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| author | Muhammad Abdul Rahim Muhammad Naeem Khunsha Khalid Muhammad Imran Muhammad Kamran Khan Muhammad Imran Khan Mahr Un Nisa Muhammad Sarwar Chinaza Godswill Awuchi |
| author_facet | Muhammad Abdul Rahim Muhammad Naeem Khunsha Khalid Muhammad Imran Muhammad Kamran Khan Muhammad Imran Khan Mahr Un Nisa Muhammad Sarwar Chinaza Godswill Awuchi |
| author_sort | Muhammad Abdul Rahim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Eggs are good sources of nutrients essential for the growth and development of infants. Introducing eggs as a weaning food can improve dietary adequacy in infants at risk for protein energy malnutrition (PEM). To evaluate the current objective, 72 pups (36 males and 36 females) were used to calculate the impact of various egg protein levels on blood parameters. Nonisonitrogenous and isocaloric pellet diets were offered to pups for 28 days using nine pups with three replicates according to a completely randomized design (CRD). The water intake and ad libitum diet were offered to weaned pups. The pups were randomly assigned to different concentrations of diet, which contained WF0, control diet, 14% of soybean protein; WF1, 14% of egg protein; WF2, 16% of egg protein; and WF3, 18% of egg protein, respectively. After weaning, the intraperitoneal injection with the drug (xylazine with ketamine) was used to anesthetize before killing on the 28th day. Blood samples were used to measure the blood metabolites. The results indicated that the concentration of red blood cells, white blood cells, serum triglycerides, and serum protein was significantly (p ≤ .05) increased in pups fed with high egg protein levels compared to the control. The highest platelet count was observed in the pups fed WF3 diet. In contrast, the amount of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was significantly (p ≤ .05) reduced with increasing the level of egg protein in the diets of weaned pups. Immunity biomarkers (immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M) and kidney functions (creatinine and blood urine nitrogen) were nonsignificantly (p ≤ .05) increased in the pups fed a high level of protein due to a high biological value of soybean protein. Moreover, the concentration of immunoglobulin E in all pups remained unchanged. Egg protein in infant formula feed can be used for the growth and development of infants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:43:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-99bb7fe0e257427cab370552a3392ddf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2048-7177 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:43:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Science & Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-99bb7fe0e257427cab370552a3392ddf2023-04-10T17:14:36ZengWileyFood Science & Nutrition2048-71772023-04-011141747175410.1002/fsn3.3204Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkersMuhammad Abdul Rahim0Muhammad Naeem1Khunsha Khalid2Muhammad Imran3Muhammad Kamran Khan4Muhammad Imran Khan5Mahr Un Nisa6Muhammad Sarwar7Chinaza Godswill Awuchi8Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad PakistanNational Institute of Food Science & Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad PakistanUniversity Medical and Dental College Faisalabad PakistanDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad PakistanDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad PakistanDepartment of Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad PakistanDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences Government College University Faisalabad PakistanPostgraduate Studies and Research The University of Lahore Lahore PakistanSchool of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Kampala UgandaAbstract Eggs are good sources of nutrients essential for the growth and development of infants. Introducing eggs as a weaning food can improve dietary adequacy in infants at risk for protein energy malnutrition (PEM). To evaluate the current objective, 72 pups (36 males and 36 females) were used to calculate the impact of various egg protein levels on blood parameters. Nonisonitrogenous and isocaloric pellet diets were offered to pups for 28 days using nine pups with three replicates according to a completely randomized design (CRD). The water intake and ad libitum diet were offered to weaned pups. The pups were randomly assigned to different concentrations of diet, which contained WF0, control diet, 14% of soybean protein; WF1, 14% of egg protein; WF2, 16% of egg protein; and WF3, 18% of egg protein, respectively. After weaning, the intraperitoneal injection with the drug (xylazine with ketamine) was used to anesthetize before killing on the 28th day. Blood samples were used to measure the blood metabolites. The results indicated that the concentration of red blood cells, white blood cells, serum triglycerides, and serum protein was significantly (p ≤ .05) increased in pups fed with high egg protein levels compared to the control. The highest platelet count was observed in the pups fed WF3 diet. In contrast, the amount of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was significantly (p ≤ .05) reduced with increasing the level of egg protein in the diets of weaned pups. Immunity biomarkers (immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M) and kidney functions (creatinine and blood urine nitrogen) were nonsignificantly (p ≤ .05) increased in the pups fed a high level of protein due to a high biological value of soybean protein. Moreover, the concentration of immunoglobulin E in all pups remained unchanged. Egg protein in infant formula feed can be used for the growth and development of infants.https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3204blood parameterscompletely randomized designimmunity biomarkerskidney functionsnonisonitrogenous and isocaloric diets |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Abdul Rahim Muhammad Naeem Khunsha Khalid Muhammad Imran Muhammad Kamran Khan Muhammad Imran Khan Mahr Un Nisa Muhammad Sarwar Chinaza Godswill Awuchi Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers Food Science & Nutrition blood parameters completely randomized design immunity biomarkers kidney functions nonisonitrogenous and isocaloric diets |
| title | Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers |
| title_full | Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers |
| title_short | Effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology, kidney functions, and immunity biomarkers |
| title_sort | effects of different levels of egg protein replacement in weaned diets on hematology kidney functions and immunity biomarkers |
| topic | blood parameters completely randomized design immunity biomarkers kidney functions nonisonitrogenous and isocaloric diets |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3204 |
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