Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments
Abstract Background Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ret...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
SpringerOpen
2022-04-01
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Series: | Progress in Orthodontics |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-022-00405-8 |