Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments
Abstract Background Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ret...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Progress in Orthodontics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-022-00405-8 |
| _version_ | 1819045635763994624 |
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| author | Changkyun Im Je-Hyeok Park Young-Mi Jeon Jong-Ghee Kim Yong-Seok Jang Min-Ho Lee Woo-Yong Jeon Jun-Min Kim Tae-Sung Bae |
| author_facet | Changkyun Im Je-Hyeok Park Young-Mi Jeon Jong-Ghee Kim Yong-Seok Jang Min-Ho Lee Woo-Yong Jeon Jun-Min Kim Tae-Sung Bae |
| author_sort | Changkyun Im |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the retention of mini-screws can be improved by imparting bioactivity to the surface. The method for imparting bioactivity proposed in this paper is to sequentially perform anodization, periodic pre-calcification, and heat treatments with a Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw. Materials and methods A TiO2 nanotube-structured layer was formed on the surface of the Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw through anodization in which a voltage of 20 V was applied to a glycerol solution containing 20 wt% H2O and 1.4 wt% NH4F for 60 min. Fine granular calcium phosphate precipitates of HA and octacalcium phosphate were generated as clusters on the surface through the cyclic pre-calcification and heat treatments. The cyclic pre-calcification treatment is a process of immersion in a 0.05 M NaH2PO4 solution and a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution at 90 °C for 1 min each. Results It was confirmed that the densely structured protrusions were precipitated, and Ca and P concentrations, which bind and concentrate endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins, increased on the surface after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test. In addition, the removal torque of the mini-screw fixed into rabbit tibias for 4 weeks was measured to be 8.70 ± 2.60 N cm. Conclusions A noteworthy point in this paper is that the Ca and P concentrations, which provide a scaffold suitable for endogenous bone formation, further increased over time after SBF immersion of the APH group specimens. The other point is that our mini-screws have a significantly higher removal torque compared to untreated mini-screws. These results represent that the mini-screw proposed in this paper can be used as a mini-screw for orthodontics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:31:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9a48620e4c7245dab8337a21f3e64b7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-1042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:31:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Progress in Orthodontics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9a48620e4c7245dab8337a21f3e64b7e2022-12-21T19:07:10ZengSpringerOpenProgress in Orthodontics2196-10422022-04-0123111010.1186/s40510-022-00405-8Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatmentsChangkyun Im0Je-Hyeok Park1Young-Mi Jeon2Jong-Ghee Kim3Yong-Seok Jang4Min-Ho Lee5Woo-Yong Jeon6Jun-Min Kim7Tae-Sung Bae8Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of DentistryDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National UniversityBK21 Plus Program, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biodegradable Materials, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National UniversityBK21 Plus Program, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biodegradable Materials, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National UniversityDepartment of Dental Technology, Gwangyang Health CollegeDepartment of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hansung UniversityBK21 Plus Program, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biodegradable Materials, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National UniversityAbstract Background Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the retention of mini-screws can be improved by imparting bioactivity to the surface. The method for imparting bioactivity proposed in this paper is to sequentially perform anodization, periodic pre-calcification, and heat treatments with a Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw. Materials and methods A TiO2 nanotube-structured layer was formed on the surface of the Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw through anodization in which a voltage of 20 V was applied to a glycerol solution containing 20 wt% H2O and 1.4 wt% NH4F for 60 min. Fine granular calcium phosphate precipitates of HA and octacalcium phosphate were generated as clusters on the surface through the cyclic pre-calcification and heat treatments. The cyclic pre-calcification treatment is a process of immersion in a 0.05 M NaH2PO4 solution and a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution at 90 °C for 1 min each. Results It was confirmed that the densely structured protrusions were precipitated, and Ca and P concentrations, which bind and concentrate endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins, increased on the surface after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test. In addition, the removal torque of the mini-screw fixed into rabbit tibias for 4 weeks was measured to be 8.70 ± 2.60 N cm. Conclusions A noteworthy point in this paper is that the Ca and P concentrations, which provide a scaffold suitable for endogenous bone formation, further increased over time after SBF immersion of the APH group specimens. The other point is that our mini-screws have a significantly higher removal torque compared to untreated mini-screws. These results represent that the mini-screw proposed in this paper can be used as a mini-screw for orthodontics.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-022-00405-8Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloyOrthodontic mini-screwAnodizationCyclic pre-calcificationOsseointegration |
| spellingShingle | Changkyun Im Je-Hyeok Park Young-Mi Jeon Jong-Ghee Kim Yong-Seok Jang Min-Ho Lee Woo-Yong Jeon Jun-Min Kim Tae-Sung Bae Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments Progress in Orthodontics Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy Orthodontic mini-screw Anodization Cyclic pre-calcification Osseointegration |
| title | Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments |
| title_full | Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments |
| title_fullStr | Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments |
| title_short | Improvement of osseointegration of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy orthodontic mini-screws through anodization, cyclic pre-calcification, and heat treatments |
| title_sort | improvement of osseointegration of ti 6al 4v eli alloy orthodontic mini screws through anodization cyclic pre calcification and heat treatments |
| topic | Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy Orthodontic mini-screw Anodization Cyclic pre-calcification Osseointegration |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-022-00405-8 |
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