Gut-Flora-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Atherosclerosis-Associated Inflammation Responses by Indirect ROS Stimulation and Signaling Involving AMPK and SIRT1
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite after ingesting dietary choline, has been identified as a novel risk factor for atherosclerosis through inducing vascular inflammation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Using an in vitro vascular ce...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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Series: | Nutrients |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3338 |