High Levels of the Carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine NNAL and Associated Findings in Children of Smokers: A Case Series
High levels of NNAL, the tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), indicate future cancer risk. A prior study of smokers’ children revealed NNAL levels as high as active smokers. Therefore, we conducted a case series to examine the...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SAGE Publishing
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Biomarker Insights |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719221118868 |