Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> has caused a reduction in antibiotic effectiveness and an increase in mortality rates. Essential oils (EOs), known for their therapeutic effica...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/7/979 |
| _version_ | 1797433963047813120 |
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| author | Michela Galgano Paolo Capozza Francesco Pellegrini Marco Cordisco Alessio Sposato Sabina Sblano Michele Camero Gianvito Lanave Giuseppe Fracchiolla Marialaura Corrente Francesco Cirone Adriana Trotta Maria Tempesta Domenico Buonavoglia Annamaria Pratelli |
| author_facet | Michela Galgano Paolo Capozza Francesco Pellegrini Marco Cordisco Alessio Sposato Sabina Sblano Michele Camero Gianvito Lanave Giuseppe Fracchiolla Marialaura Corrente Francesco Cirone Adriana Trotta Maria Tempesta Domenico Buonavoglia Annamaria Pratelli |
| author_sort | Michela Galgano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> has caused a reduction in antibiotic effectiveness and an increase in mortality rates. Essential oils (EOs), known for their therapeutic efficacy, can be configured as novel broad-spectrum biocides. Accordingly, the bacteriostatic–bactericidal activity of <i>Citrus Lemon</i> (LEO), <i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> (PEO), <i>Foeniculum Vulgaris</i> (FEO), <i>Ocimum Basilicum</i> (BEO), <i>Melissa Officinalis</i> (MEO), <i>Thymus Vulgaris</i> (TEO), and <i>Zingiber Officinalis Rosc.</i> (GEO), at concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 40% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), were tested in vitro against different <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> strains using minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed using GC/MS. The major components of all seven tested oils were limonene, α-pinene, anethole, estragole, citral, thymol, and zingiberene, respectively. We found that the bacteriostatic–bactericidal activity of the EOs was related to their chemotypes and concentrations, as well as the strain of the bacteria. A dose–effect correlation was found when testing GEO against <i>S. aureus</i> strains<i>,</i> whilst FEO was found to have no activity regardless of concentration. PEO, MEO, and BEO were found to have bactericidal effect with a MIC and MBC of 1.25% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) against <i>S. aureus</i> strains, and LEO was found to have values of 1.25% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) and 5% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) against ATCC and clinical isolate, respectively. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activity of TEO was not related to oil concentration and the complete inhibition of growth across all <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> was observed. Although preliminary, our data demonstrate the efficacy of EOs and pave the way for further investigations on their potential synergistic use with traditional drugs in the human and veterinary fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:23:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bbac30f06924ba1af1387288457dd6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:23:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bbac30f06924ba1af1387288457dd6a2023-12-01T21:49:15ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-07-0111797910.3390/antibiotics11070979Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Michela Galgano0Paolo Capozza1Francesco Pellegrini2Marco Cordisco3Alessio Sposato4Sabina Sblano5Michele Camero6Gianvito Lanave7Giuseppe Fracchiolla8Marialaura Corrente9Francesco Cirone10Adriana Trotta11Maria Tempesta12Domenico Buonavoglia13Annamaria Pratelli14Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, ItalyThe spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> has caused a reduction in antibiotic effectiveness and an increase in mortality rates. Essential oils (EOs), known for their therapeutic efficacy, can be configured as novel broad-spectrum biocides. Accordingly, the bacteriostatic–bactericidal activity of <i>Citrus Lemon</i> (LEO), <i>Pinus Sylvestris</i> (PEO), <i>Foeniculum Vulgaris</i> (FEO), <i>Ocimum Basilicum</i> (BEO), <i>Melissa Officinalis</i> (MEO), <i>Thymus Vulgaris</i> (TEO), and <i>Zingiber Officinalis Rosc.</i> (GEO), at concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 40% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), were tested in vitro against different <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> strains using minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed using GC/MS. The major components of all seven tested oils were limonene, α-pinene, anethole, estragole, citral, thymol, and zingiberene, respectively. We found that the bacteriostatic–bactericidal activity of the EOs was related to their chemotypes and concentrations, as well as the strain of the bacteria. A dose–effect correlation was found when testing GEO against <i>S. aureus</i> strains<i>,</i> whilst FEO was found to have no activity regardless of concentration. PEO, MEO, and BEO were found to have bactericidal effect with a MIC and MBC of 1.25% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) against <i>S. aureus</i> strains, and LEO was found to have values of 1.25% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) and 5% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) against ATCC and clinical isolate, respectively. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activity of TEO was not related to oil concentration and the complete inhibition of growth across all <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> was observed. Although preliminary, our data demonstrate the efficacy of EOs and pave the way for further investigations on their potential synergistic use with traditional drugs in the human and veterinary fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/7/979<i>Escherichia coli</i><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>essential oilsGC-MS analysisantimicrobial activity |
| spellingShingle | Michela Galgano Paolo Capozza Francesco Pellegrini Marco Cordisco Alessio Sposato Sabina Sblano Michele Camero Gianvito Lanave Giuseppe Fracchiolla Marialaura Corrente Francesco Cirone Adriana Trotta Maria Tempesta Domenico Buonavoglia Annamaria Pratelli Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Antibiotics <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> essential oils GC-MS analysis antimicrobial activity |
| title | Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Evaluated In Vitro against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_sort | antimicrobial activity of essential oils evaluated in vitro against i escherichia coli i and i staphylococcus aureus i |
| topic | <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> essential oils GC-MS analysis antimicrobial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/7/979 |
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