Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production in Response to Salt Stress in <i>Alcea rosea</i> L.
The effect of three levels of salinity on physio-biochemical traits in 10 <i>Alcea rosea</i> (hollyhock) varieties were evaluated. It was observed that salt stress increased both the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in some varieties and decreased them in ot...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/139 |
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| author | Arezoo Sadeghi Jamshid Razmjoo Hassan Karimmojeni Timothy C. Baldwin Andrea Mastinu |
| author_facet | Arezoo Sadeghi Jamshid Razmjoo Hassan Karimmojeni Timothy C. Baldwin Andrea Mastinu |
| author_sort | Arezoo Sadeghi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effect of three levels of salinity on physio-biochemical traits in 10 <i>Alcea rosea</i> (hollyhock) varieties were evaluated. It was observed that salt stress increased both the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in some varieties and decreased them in others. The greatest increases in both TPC and TFC were recorded in the Saman variety (104% and 62%, respectively) when cultivated under severe salt stress, indicating that this is the most salt-tolerant variety amongst those tested. The most abundant phenolic compound recorded was ellagic acid, and the phenolic compounds that showed the greatest increases in concentration due to salt stress were <i>p</i>-coumaric acid (87% in the Isfahan variety) and chlorogenic acid (142% in the Mahallat variety). Salt stress was also shown to decrease the production of diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in all varieties. The highest concentration of DPPH (133%) was recorded in the Shiraz 1 variety, grown under conditions of severe salt stress. Salt stress also increased the mucilage content present in the petals, leaves, and seeds of some of the selected varieties. These data suggest that the selection of salt-tolerant varieties of hollyhock for direct cultivation or for use in future breeding programs is feasible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:30:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9d1487b0ad59482687b754c73f966e94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:30:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-9d1487b0ad59482687b754c73f966e942024-02-23T15:18:42ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-01-0110213910.3390/horticulturae10020139Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production in Response to Salt Stress in <i>Alcea rosea</i> L.Arezoo Sadeghi0Jamshid Razmjoo1Hassan Karimmojeni2Timothy C. Baldwin3Andrea Mastinu4Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, IranDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, IranDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, IranFaculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna St., Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UKDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, ItalyThe effect of three levels of salinity on physio-biochemical traits in 10 <i>Alcea rosea</i> (hollyhock) varieties were evaluated. It was observed that salt stress increased both the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in some varieties and decreased them in others. The greatest increases in both TPC and TFC were recorded in the Saman variety (104% and 62%, respectively) when cultivated under severe salt stress, indicating that this is the most salt-tolerant variety amongst those tested. The most abundant phenolic compound recorded was ellagic acid, and the phenolic compounds that showed the greatest increases in concentration due to salt stress were <i>p</i>-coumaric acid (87% in the Isfahan variety) and chlorogenic acid (142% in the Mahallat variety). Salt stress was also shown to decrease the production of diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in all varieties. The highest concentration of DPPH (133%) was recorded in the Shiraz 1 variety, grown under conditions of severe salt stress. Salt stress also increased the mucilage content present in the petals, leaves, and seeds of some of the selected varieties. These data suggest that the selection of salt-tolerant varieties of hollyhock for direct cultivation or for use in future breeding programs is feasible.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/139<i>Alcea rosea</i> L.hollyhockantioxidant activitygenotypic variationsecondary metabolitesalt stress |
| spellingShingle | Arezoo Sadeghi Jamshid Razmjoo Hassan Karimmojeni Timothy C. Baldwin Andrea Mastinu Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production in Response to Salt Stress in <i>Alcea rosea</i> L. Horticulturae <i>Alcea rosea</i> L. hollyhock antioxidant activity genotypic variation secondary metabolite salt stress |
| title | Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production in Response to Salt Stress in <i>Alcea rosea</i> L. |
| title_full | Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production in Response to Salt Stress in <i>Alcea rosea</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production in Response to Salt Stress in <i>Alcea rosea</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production in Response to Salt Stress in <i>Alcea rosea</i> L. |
| title_short | Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production in Response to Salt Stress in <i>Alcea rosea</i> L. |
| title_sort | changes in secondary metabolite production in response to salt stress in i alcea rosea i l |
| topic | <i>Alcea rosea</i> L. hollyhock antioxidant activity genotypic variation secondary metabolite salt stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/139 |
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