High Precision Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BONT-A) in Aesthetics Based on Muscle Atrophy, Is Muscular Architecture Reprogramming a Possibility? A Systematic Review of Literature on Muscle Atrophy after BoNT-A Injections

High Precision Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BONT-A) in Aesthetics Based on Muscle Atrophy, Is Muscular Architecture Reprogramming a Possibility? A Systematic Review of Literature on Muscle Atrophy after BoNT-A Injections

Improvements in Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) aesthetic treatments have been jeopardized by the simplistic statement: “BoNT-A treats wrinkles”. BoNT-A monotherapy relating to wrinkles is, at least, questionable. The BoNT-A mechanism of action is presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals blockage, ca...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alexander D. Nassif, Ricardo F. Boggio, Sheila Espicalsky, Gladstone E. L. Faria
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-01-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
botulinum toxins
type A
botox
muscular atrophy
muscle atrophy
wrinkles
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/2/81

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/2/81

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