Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM
Abstract Motivated to enhance the error performance (EP) of generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation (GCQSM) systems, this study proposes a scheme that builds on GCQSM and uses hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (H-QAM) constellations which have the advantages of a maximised Euclidea...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24950-8 |
| _version_ | 1811190325747646464 |
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| author | Nathael Sibanda Hongjun Xu Narushan Pillay |
| author_facet | Nathael Sibanda Hongjun Xu Narushan Pillay |
| author_sort | Nathael Sibanda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Motivated to enhance the error performance (EP) of generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation (GCQSM) systems, this study proposes a scheme that builds on GCQSM and uses hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (H-QAM) constellations which have the advantages of a maximised Euclidean distance with relatively low peak-to-average power ratio, compared to conventional QAM (C-QAM) systems. This in turn, leads to an enhancement of the EP of GCQSM schemes. The proposed scheme utilises a rotated hexagonal 8QAM (H-8QAM) set. Thus, the proposed scheme is herein named; Generalised QSM using H-8QAM (GQSM-H-8QAM). In this study, the EP of the proposed GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is investigated over Rayleigh frequency flat-fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise. Additionally, a theoretical average bit error probability (ABEP) expression of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is formulated and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to simulation results, the ABEP proves to be increasingly tight at high signal-to-noise ratio values. Obtained simulation results also show an improvement in the EP of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme over various SM schemes like GCQSM, C-QSM and conventional-generalized spatial modulation (C-GSM), at the same spectral efficiency (SE). An improvement in the EP of 0.61 dB with SE of 8 bits/s/Hz is seen in $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 GQSM-H-8QAM over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 GCQSM using C-8QAM, 2.58 dB over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 C-QSM-C-64QAM and a gain of 4.85 dB over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 C-GSM-C-64QAM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:48:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ebce72ae80d4c8f97995cc8873cb615 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:48:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ebce72ae80d4c8f97995cc8873cb6152022-12-22T04:17:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-11-0112111310.1038/s41598-022-24950-8Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAMNathael Sibanda0Hongjun Xu1Narushan Pillay2School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu NatalSchool of Engineering, University of KwaZulu NatalSchool of Engineering, University of KwaZulu NatalAbstract Motivated to enhance the error performance (EP) of generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation (GCQSM) systems, this study proposes a scheme that builds on GCQSM and uses hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (H-QAM) constellations which have the advantages of a maximised Euclidean distance with relatively low peak-to-average power ratio, compared to conventional QAM (C-QAM) systems. This in turn, leads to an enhancement of the EP of GCQSM schemes. The proposed scheme utilises a rotated hexagonal 8QAM (H-8QAM) set. Thus, the proposed scheme is herein named; Generalised QSM using H-8QAM (GQSM-H-8QAM). In this study, the EP of the proposed GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is investigated over Rayleigh frequency flat-fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise. Additionally, a theoretical average bit error probability (ABEP) expression of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is formulated and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to simulation results, the ABEP proves to be increasingly tight at high signal-to-noise ratio values. Obtained simulation results also show an improvement in the EP of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme over various SM schemes like GCQSM, C-QSM and conventional-generalized spatial modulation (C-GSM), at the same spectral efficiency (SE). An improvement in the EP of 0.61 dB with SE of 8 bits/s/Hz is seen in $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 GQSM-H-8QAM over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 GCQSM using C-8QAM, 2.58 dB over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 C-QSM-C-64QAM and a gain of 4.85 dB over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 C-GSM-C-64QAM.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24950-8 |
| spellingShingle | Nathael Sibanda Hongjun Xu Narushan Pillay Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM Scientific Reports |
| title | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
| title_full | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
| title_fullStr | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
| title_full_unstemmed | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
| title_short | Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM |
| title_sort | error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using h 8qam |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24950-8 |
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