Characterization of Dosage Levels for In Ovo Administration of Innate Immune Stimulants for Prevention of Yolk Sac Infection in Chicks

Innate immune stimulants, especially toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and agonists, are the main players in the initiation of innate immunity and have been widely studied as alternatives to antibiotics to control infection. In the present study, we characterized the dosage levels of various innate i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mishal Sarfraz, Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen, Colette Wheler, Wolfgang Köster, Volker Gerdts, Arshud Dar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-04-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/5/203