Multidisciplinary surgical treatment of clear-cell renal carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus level III and IV: our experience during the past decade
Patients with non-metastatic, stage T3 clear-cell renal cell cancer present a clinical challenge for urologists. The extent of tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava is the primary determinant of surgical procedure complexity. Level III and IV thrombi require the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and hypo...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
University Hospital for Tumors
2020-01-01
|
Series: | Libri Oncologici |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/364240 |