The Development of Indirect Carotid Cavernous Fistulas after Microvascular Ischemic 4th Nerve Palsies
An indirect carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal connection between the cavernous sinus and internal or external carotid artery. Indirect CCFs often occur spontaneously, particularly in the setting of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Microvascular...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Karger Publishers
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Case Reports in Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/526566 |