Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus

AimTo assess the severity of dry eye disease (DED) in humans, its impact on quality of life (QoL) and to grade the damage incurred by the anterior ocular surface in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients and methodsForty-six patients (mean age ± SD = 63.8 ± 6.7 years) diagn...

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Main Authors: Tetiana Zhmud, Natalia Malachkova, Robert Rejdak, Ciro Costagliola, Marina Concilio, Galyna Drozhzhyna, Damiano Toro Mario, Svitlana Veretelnyk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1103400/full
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author Tetiana Zhmud
Natalia Malachkova
Robert Rejdak
Ciro Costagliola
Marina Concilio
Galyna Drozhzhyna
Damiano Toro Mario
Damiano Toro Mario
Svitlana Veretelnyk
author_facet Tetiana Zhmud
Natalia Malachkova
Robert Rejdak
Ciro Costagliola
Marina Concilio
Galyna Drozhzhyna
Damiano Toro Mario
Damiano Toro Mario
Svitlana Veretelnyk
author_sort Tetiana Zhmud
collection DOAJ
description AimTo assess the severity of dry eye disease (DED) in humans, its impact on quality of life (QoL) and to grade the damage incurred by the anterior ocular surface in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients and methodsForty-six patients (mean age ± SD = 63.8 ± 6.7 years) diagnosed with T2DM were enrolled in the experimental group and 26 healthy individuals constituted the control group (67.9 ± 8.9 years). The diagnosis and gradation of DED were conducted in accordance with the International Task Force severity grading scheme. Disease-specific questionnaires were used to obtain the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and assess the negative effects of the disease on the patient’s QoL. The severity of conjunctival redness and corneal/conjunctival staining was assessed by Efron and Oxford scales, respectively.ResultsAccording to OSDI scores, the entire experimental group presented symptoms of DED: 54.4% were diagnosed with mild DED and 46.6% with moderately severe DED. No cases of severe DED were diagnosed in either the experimental or control group. In the control group, 57.7% of individuals did not have the disease. A significant difference between the experimental and control groups was recorded for both OSDI scores (p  < 0.01) and health-related QoL (p < 0.01). It was observed that keratopathy influenced the mean OSDI values of patients. The mean OSDI value was 25.14 ± 3 in the experimental group diagnosed with keratopathy, 19.3 ± 3.5 in the subgroup with no indications of corneal injury (p = 0.000002), and 13.0 ± 3.0 in the control group (p  <  0.000002). Based on the DEWS scheme, a grade I severity level was observed in 46% of control subjects and 33% of patients diagnosed with T2DM (p = 0.4915); grades II and III were detected in the bulk of the experimental group (p = 0.0051; p = 0.1707). None of the subjects in the control or experimental groups manifested grade IV severity of DED.ConclusionIn comparison to healthy adults, DED adversely impacts the QoL of type 2 DM patients, regardless of the disease’s association with keratopathy.
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spelling doaj.art-a58c68b0817b42ccadad583fe2eaa2422023-05-30T11:27:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2023-02-011010.3389/fmed.2023.11034001103400Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitusTetiana Zhmud0Natalia Malachkova1Robert Rejdak2Ciro Costagliola3Marina Concilio4Galyna Drozhzhyna5Damiano Toro Mario6Damiano Toro Mario7Svitlana Veretelnyk8Department of Ophthalmology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, UkraineDepartment of Ophthalmology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, UkraineDepartment of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PolandEye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, ItalyDepartment of Corneal Pathology, SI “Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine”, Odesa, UkraineDepartment of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PolandEye Clinic, Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Ophthalmology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, UkraineAimTo assess the severity of dry eye disease (DED) in humans, its impact on quality of life (QoL) and to grade the damage incurred by the anterior ocular surface in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients and methodsForty-six patients (mean age ± SD = 63.8 ± 6.7 years) diagnosed with T2DM were enrolled in the experimental group and 26 healthy individuals constituted the control group (67.9 ± 8.9 years). The diagnosis and gradation of DED were conducted in accordance with the International Task Force severity grading scheme. Disease-specific questionnaires were used to obtain the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and assess the negative effects of the disease on the patient’s QoL. The severity of conjunctival redness and corneal/conjunctival staining was assessed by Efron and Oxford scales, respectively.ResultsAccording to OSDI scores, the entire experimental group presented symptoms of DED: 54.4% were diagnosed with mild DED and 46.6% with moderately severe DED. No cases of severe DED were diagnosed in either the experimental or control group. In the control group, 57.7% of individuals did not have the disease. A significant difference between the experimental and control groups was recorded for both OSDI scores (p  < 0.01) and health-related QoL (p < 0.01). It was observed that keratopathy influenced the mean OSDI values of patients. The mean OSDI value was 25.14 ± 3 in the experimental group diagnosed with keratopathy, 19.3 ± 3.5 in the subgroup with no indications of corneal injury (p = 0.000002), and 13.0 ± 3.0 in the control group (p  <  0.000002). Based on the DEWS scheme, a grade I severity level was observed in 46% of control subjects and 33% of patients diagnosed with T2DM (p = 0.4915); grades II and III were detected in the bulk of the experimental group (p = 0.0051; p = 0.1707). None of the subjects in the control or experimental groups manifested grade IV severity of DED.ConclusionIn comparison to healthy adults, DED adversely impacts the QoL of type 2 DM patients, regardless of the disease’s association with keratopathy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1103400/fulldry eye diseasequality of lifeocular surface disease indexOxford scaletype 2 diabetes mellitus
spellingShingle Tetiana Zhmud
Natalia Malachkova
Robert Rejdak
Ciro Costagliola
Marina Concilio
Galyna Drozhzhyna
Damiano Toro Mario
Damiano Toro Mario
Svitlana Veretelnyk
Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus
Frontiers in Medicine
dry eye disease
quality of life
ocular surface disease index
Oxford scale
type 2 diabetes mellitus
title Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus
title_full Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus
title_short Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus
title_sort dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type ii diabetes mellitus
topic dry eye disease
quality of life
ocular surface disease index
Oxford scale
type 2 diabetes mellitus
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1103400/full
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