Isoprinosine as a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine adjuvant elicits robust host defense against viral infection through immunomodulation

BackgroundCommercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have limitations, such as local side effects, periodic vaccinations, and weak host defenses. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel FMD vaccine by combining an inactivated FMD viral antigen with the small molecule isoprinosine,...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hyeong Won Kim, Mi-Kyeong Ko, Seokwon Shin, So Hui Park, Jong-Hyeon Park, Su-Mi Kim, Min Ja Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1331779/full