Isoprinosine as a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine adjuvant elicits robust host defense against viral infection through immunomodulation
BackgroundCommercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have limitations, such as local side effects, periodic vaccinations, and weak host defenses. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel FMD vaccine by combining an inactivated FMD viral antigen with the small molecule isoprinosine,...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1331779/full |