Opium Addiction and Risk of Laryngeal and Esophageal Carcinoma
Introduction: Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have a well-known effect on the development of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas, but such a role for opium is questionable. This study was designed to assess the correlation between opium inhalation and cancer of the larynx and upper esopha...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_8055_18c62be7838d80ec510f557dc110dc18.pdf |