Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in Rats
This study aimed to determine the mechanism of ketamine-induced cystitis without metabolism. A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into control, ketamine, and norketamine groups. To induce cystitis, rats in the ketamine and norketamine groups were treated with intravesical inst...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/7/154 |
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| author | Chung-Hsin Yeh Bo-He Chen Xiao-Wen Tseng Chun-Hou Liao Wei-Kung Tsai Han-Sun Chiang Yi-No Wu |
| author_facet | Chung-Hsin Yeh Bo-He Chen Xiao-Wen Tseng Chun-Hou Liao Wei-Kung Tsai Han-Sun Chiang Yi-No Wu |
| author_sort | Chung-Hsin Yeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to determine the mechanism of ketamine-induced cystitis without metabolism. A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into control, ketamine, and norketamine groups. To induce cystitis, rats in the ketamine and norketamine groups were treated with intravesical instillation of ketamine and norketamine by mini-osmotic pump, which was placed in subcutaneous space, daily for 24 h for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, all rats were subjected to bladder functional tests. The bladders were collected for histological and pathological evaluation. Compared to control, ketamine treatment demonstrated an increase in the bladder weight, high bladder/body coefficient, contractive pressure, voiding volume, collagen deposition, reduced smooth muscle content, damaged glycosaminoglycan layer, and low bladder compliance. Compared to ketamine, norketamine treatment showed more severe collagen deposition, smooth muscle loss, damaged glycosaminoglycan layer, and increased residual urine. Intravesical administration of ketamine and norketamine induced cystitis with different urodynamic characteristics. Norketamine treatment caused more severe bladder dysfunction than ketamine treatment. Direct treatment of the bladder with norketamine induced symptoms more consistent with those of bladder outlet obstruction than ketamine cystitis. Detailed studies of cellular mechanisms are required to determine the pathogenesis of ketamine cystitis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:55:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a979d638f2b0463d904a642a6ddcd5b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:55:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-a979d638f2b0463d904a642a6ddcd5b82023-11-22T02:26:50ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-06-019715410.3390/toxics9070154Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in RatsChung-Hsin Yeh0Bo-He Chen1Xiao-Wen Tseng2Chun-Hou Liao3Wei-Kung Tsai4Han-Sun Chiang5Yi-No Wu6School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanProgram in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 104, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanThis study aimed to determine the mechanism of ketamine-induced cystitis without metabolism. A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into control, ketamine, and norketamine groups. To induce cystitis, rats in the ketamine and norketamine groups were treated with intravesical instillation of ketamine and norketamine by mini-osmotic pump, which was placed in subcutaneous space, daily for 24 h for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, all rats were subjected to bladder functional tests. The bladders were collected for histological and pathological evaluation. Compared to control, ketamine treatment demonstrated an increase in the bladder weight, high bladder/body coefficient, contractive pressure, voiding volume, collagen deposition, reduced smooth muscle content, damaged glycosaminoglycan layer, and low bladder compliance. Compared to ketamine, norketamine treatment showed more severe collagen deposition, smooth muscle loss, damaged glycosaminoglycan layer, and increased residual urine. Intravesical administration of ketamine and norketamine induced cystitis with different urodynamic characteristics. Norketamine treatment caused more severe bladder dysfunction than ketamine treatment. Direct treatment of the bladder with norketamine induced symptoms more consistent with those of bladder outlet obstruction than ketamine cystitis. Detailed studies of cellular mechanisms are required to determine the pathogenesis of ketamine cystitis.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/7/154intravesical instillationketamine cystitisnorketaminebladder dysfunction |
| spellingShingle | Chung-Hsin Yeh Bo-He Chen Xiao-Wen Tseng Chun-Hou Liao Wei-Kung Tsai Han-Sun Chiang Yi-No Wu Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in Rats Toxics intravesical instillation ketamine cystitis norketamine bladder dysfunction |
| title | Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in Rats |
| title_full | Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in Rats |
| title_short | Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in Rats |
| title_sort | intravesical instillation of norketamine a ketamine metabolite and induced bladder functional changes in rats |
| topic | intravesical instillation ketamine cystitis norketamine bladder dysfunction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/7/154 |
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