The future of organic certification: potential impacts of the inclusion of Participatory Guarantee Systems in the European organic regulation

Abstract Third-party certification (TPC) is the standard approach to quality assurance for organic production, but its administrative burden and cost make it difficult for smallholders to access it. Internal Control Systems (ICS) and Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) are possible alternative app...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Giovanna Sacchi, Lavinia Romanello, Maurizio Canavari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-01-01
Series:Agricultural and Food Economics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-023-00294-3