The future of organic certification: potential impacts of the inclusion of Participatory Guarantee Systems in the European organic regulation
Abstract Third-party certification (TPC) is the standard approach to quality assurance for organic production, but its administrative burden and cost make it difficult for smallholders to access it. Internal Control Systems (ICS) and Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) are possible alternative app...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
SpringerOpen
2024-01-01
|
Series: | Agricultural and Food Economics |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-023-00294-3 |