Co-culture pellet of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study
Abstract Background Seeding cells are key factors in cell-based cartilage tissue regeneration. Monoculture of either chondrocyte or mesenchymal stem cells has several limitations. In recent years, co-culture strategies have provided potential solutions. In this study, directly co-cultured rat costal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-03094-6 |
| _version_ | 1818162935830151168 |
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| author | Kaiwen Zheng Yiyang Ma Cheng Chiu Yidan Pang Junjie Gao Changqing Zhang Dajiang Du |
| author_facet | Kaiwen Zheng Yiyang Ma Cheng Chiu Yidan Pang Junjie Gao Changqing Zhang Dajiang Du |
| author_sort | Kaiwen Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Seeding cells are key factors in cell-based cartilage tissue regeneration. Monoculture of either chondrocyte or mesenchymal stem cells has several limitations. In recent years, co-culture strategies have provided potential solutions. In this study, directly co-cultured rat costal chondrocytes (CCs) and human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem (hWJMSCs) cells were evaluated as a candidate to regenerate articular cartilage. Methods Rat CCs are directly co-cultured with hWJMSCs in a pellet model at different ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3) for 21 days. The monoculture pellets were used as controls. RT-qPCR, biochemical assays, histological staining and evaluations were performed to analyze the chondrogenic differentiation of each group. The 1:1 ratio co-culture pellet group together with monoculture controls were implanted into the osteochondral defects made on the femoral grooves of the rats for 4, 8, 12 weeks. Then, macroscopic and histological evaluations were performed. Results Compared to rat CCs pellet group, 3:1 and 1:1 ratio group demonstrated similar extracellular matrix production but less hypertrophy intendency. Immunochemistry staining found the consistent results. RT-PCR analysis indicated that chondrogenesis was promoted in co-cultured rat CCs, while expressions of hypertrophic genes were inhibited. However, hWJMSCs showed only slightly improved in chondrogenesis but not significantly different in hypertrophic expressions. In vivo experiments showed that all the pellets filled the defects but co-culture pellets demonstrated reduced hypertrophy, better surrounding cartilage integration and appropriate subchondral bone remodeling. Conclusion Co-culture of rat CCs and hWJMSCs demonstrated stable chondrogenic phenotype and decreased hypertrophic intendency in both vitro and vivo. These results suggest this co-culture combination as a promising candidate in articular cartilage regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:41:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aa9f864fa34949778143a5c73d619a38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-6512 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:41:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-aa9f864fa34949778143a5c73d619a382022-12-22T00:58:19ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122022-07-0113111510.1186/s13287-022-03094-6Co-culture pellet of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo studyKaiwen Zheng0Yiyang Ma1Cheng Chiu2Yidan Pang3Junjie Gao4Changqing Zhang5Dajiang Du6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalAbstract Background Seeding cells are key factors in cell-based cartilage tissue regeneration. Monoculture of either chondrocyte or mesenchymal stem cells has several limitations. In recent years, co-culture strategies have provided potential solutions. In this study, directly co-cultured rat costal chondrocytes (CCs) and human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem (hWJMSCs) cells were evaluated as a candidate to regenerate articular cartilage. Methods Rat CCs are directly co-cultured with hWJMSCs in a pellet model at different ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3) for 21 days. The monoculture pellets were used as controls. RT-qPCR, biochemical assays, histological staining and evaluations were performed to analyze the chondrogenic differentiation of each group. The 1:1 ratio co-culture pellet group together with monoculture controls were implanted into the osteochondral defects made on the femoral grooves of the rats for 4, 8, 12 weeks. Then, macroscopic and histological evaluations were performed. Results Compared to rat CCs pellet group, 3:1 and 1:1 ratio group demonstrated similar extracellular matrix production but less hypertrophy intendency. Immunochemistry staining found the consistent results. RT-PCR analysis indicated that chondrogenesis was promoted in co-cultured rat CCs, while expressions of hypertrophic genes were inhibited. However, hWJMSCs showed only slightly improved in chondrogenesis but not significantly different in hypertrophic expressions. In vivo experiments showed that all the pellets filled the defects but co-culture pellets demonstrated reduced hypertrophy, better surrounding cartilage integration and appropriate subchondral bone remodeling. Conclusion Co-culture of rat CCs and hWJMSCs demonstrated stable chondrogenic phenotype and decreased hypertrophic intendency in both vitro and vivo. These results suggest this co-culture combination as a promising candidate in articular cartilage regeneration.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-03094-6Human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cellCostal chondrocyteCo-culture systemChondrogenesisOsteochondral defectCartilage regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Kaiwen Zheng Yiyang Ma Cheng Chiu Yidan Pang Junjie Gao Changqing Zhang Dajiang Du Co-culture pellet of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study Stem Cell Research & Therapy Human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell Costal chondrocyte Co-culture system Chondrogenesis Osteochondral defect Cartilage regeneration |
| title | Co-culture pellet of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_full | Co-culture pellet of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_fullStr | Co-culture pellet of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-culture pellet of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_short | Co-culture pellet of human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study |
| title_sort | co culture pellet of human wharton s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo study |
| topic | Human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell Costal chondrocyte Co-culture system Chondrogenesis Osteochondral defect Cartilage regeneration |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-03094-6 |
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