LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease
Genetic alterations in the <i>LRRK2</i> gene, encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, are a common risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. How LRRK2 alterations lead to cell pathology is an area of ongoing investigation, however, multiple lines of evidence suggest a role for LRRK2 in lipid p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/11/1597 |
| _version_ | 1797469011053641728 |
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| author | Jasmin Galper Woojin S. Kim Nicolas Dzamko |
| author_facet | Jasmin Galper Woojin S. Kim Nicolas Dzamko |
| author_sort | Jasmin Galper |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Genetic alterations in the <i>LRRK2</i> gene, encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, are a common risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. How LRRK2 alterations lead to cell pathology is an area of ongoing investigation, however, multiple lines of evidence suggest a role for LRRK2 in lipid pathways. It is increasingly recognized that in addition to being energy reservoirs and structural entities, some lipids, including neural lipids, participate in signaling cascades. Early investigations revealed that LRRK2 localized to membranous and vesicular structures, suggesting an interaction of LRRK2 and lipids or lipid-associated proteins. LRRK2 substrates from the Rab GTPase family play a critical role in vesicle trafficking, lipid metabolism and lipid storage, all processes which rely on lipid dynamics. In addition, LRRK2 is associated with the phosphorylation and activity of enzymes that catabolize plasma membrane and lysosomal lipids. Furthermore, LRRK2 knockout studies have revealed that blood, brain and urine exhibit lipid level changes, including alterations to sterols, sphingolipids and phospholipids, respectively. In human LRRK2 mutation carriers, changes to sterols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, fatty acyls and glycerolipids are reported in multiple tissues. This review summarizes the evidence regarding associations between LRRK2 and lipids, and the functional consequences of LRRK2-associated lipid changes are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:14:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aaf4e7c9759c48efba28371f5c81191f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:14:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-aaf4e7c9759c48efba28371f5c81191f2023-11-24T03:53:12ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-10-011211159710.3390/biom12111597LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson’s DiseaseJasmin Galper0Woojin S. Kim1Nicolas Dzamko2Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaBrain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaCharles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaGenetic alterations in the <i>LRRK2</i> gene, encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, are a common risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. How LRRK2 alterations lead to cell pathology is an area of ongoing investigation, however, multiple lines of evidence suggest a role for LRRK2 in lipid pathways. It is increasingly recognized that in addition to being energy reservoirs and structural entities, some lipids, including neural lipids, participate in signaling cascades. Early investigations revealed that LRRK2 localized to membranous and vesicular structures, suggesting an interaction of LRRK2 and lipids or lipid-associated proteins. LRRK2 substrates from the Rab GTPase family play a critical role in vesicle trafficking, lipid metabolism and lipid storage, all processes which rely on lipid dynamics. In addition, LRRK2 is associated with the phosphorylation and activity of enzymes that catabolize plasma membrane and lysosomal lipids. Furthermore, LRRK2 knockout studies have revealed that blood, brain and urine exhibit lipid level changes, including alterations to sterols, sphingolipids and phospholipids, respectively. In human LRRK2 mutation carriers, changes to sterols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, fatty acyls and glycerolipids are reported in multiple tissues. This review summarizes the evidence regarding associations between LRRK2 and lipids, and the functional consequences of LRRK2-associated lipid changes are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/11/1597LRRK2lipidParkinson’s diseaseglucocerebrosidaseceramideBMP |
| spellingShingle | Jasmin Galper Woojin S. Kim Nicolas Dzamko LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease Biomolecules LRRK2 lipid Parkinson’s disease glucocerebrosidase ceramide BMP |
| title | LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | lrrk2 and lipid pathways implications for parkinson s disease |
| topic | LRRK2 lipid Parkinson’s disease glucocerebrosidase ceramide BMP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/11/1597 |
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