Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities

Abstract There have been an increasing number of patients with degenerative disc diseases due to the aging population. In light of this, studies on the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration have become a hot topic, and gene knockout mice have become a valuable tool in this field of resear...

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Main Authors: Ze‐Yu Lu, Peng‐Bo Chen, Qing‐Yin Xu, Bo Li, Sheng‐Dan Jiang, Lei‐Sheng Jiang, Xin‐Feng Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-03-01
Series:JOR Spine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1242
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author Ze‐Yu Lu
Peng‐Bo Chen
Qing‐Yin Xu
Bo Li
Sheng‐Dan Jiang
Lei‐Sheng Jiang
Xin‐Feng Zheng
author_facet Ze‐Yu Lu
Peng‐Bo Chen
Qing‐Yin Xu
Bo Li
Sheng‐Dan Jiang
Lei‐Sheng Jiang
Xin‐Feng Zheng
author_sort Ze‐Yu Lu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract There have been an increasing number of patients with degenerative disc diseases due to the aging population. In light of this, studies on the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration have become a hot topic, and gene knockout mice have become a valuable tool in this field of research. With the development of science and technology, constitutive gene knockout mice can be constructed using homologous recombination, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator‐like effector nuclease technology and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, and conditional gene knockout mice can be constructed using the Cre/LoxP system. The gene‐edited mice using these techniques have been widely used in the studies on disc degeneration. This paper reviews the development process and principles of these technologies, functions of the edited genes in disc degeneration, advantages, and disadvantages of different methods and possible targets of the specific Cre recombinase in intervertebral discs. Recommendations for the choice of suitable gene‐edited model mice are presented. At the same time, possible technological improvements in the future are also discussed.
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spelling doaj.art-abb0a562c20d455a90443bc14749e2df2023-03-27T08:33:00ZengWileyJOR Spine2572-11432023-03-0161n/an/a10.1002/jsp2.1242Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilitiesZe‐Yu Lu0Peng‐Bo Chen1Qing‐Yin Xu2Bo Li3Sheng‐Dan Jiang4Lei‐Sheng Jiang5Xin‐Feng Zheng6Spine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaSpine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaSpine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaSpine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaSpine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaSpine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaSpine Center Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai ChinaAbstract There have been an increasing number of patients with degenerative disc diseases due to the aging population. In light of this, studies on the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration have become a hot topic, and gene knockout mice have become a valuable tool in this field of research. With the development of science and technology, constitutive gene knockout mice can be constructed using homologous recombination, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator‐like effector nuclease technology and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, and conditional gene knockout mice can be constructed using the Cre/LoxP system. The gene‐edited mice using these techniques have been widely used in the studies on disc degeneration. This paper reviews the development process and principles of these technologies, functions of the edited genes in disc degeneration, advantages, and disadvantages of different methods and possible targets of the specific Cre recombinase in intervertebral discs. Recommendations for the choice of suitable gene‐edited model mice are presented. At the same time, possible technological improvements in the future are also discussed.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1242constructiongene edition technologygene targetingguidelineintervertebral disc degenerationknockout
spellingShingle Ze‐Yu Lu
Peng‐Bo Chen
Qing‐Yin Xu
Bo Li
Sheng‐Dan Jiang
Lei‐Sheng Jiang
Xin‐Feng Zheng
Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities
JOR Spine
construction
gene edition technology
gene targeting
guideline
intervertebral disc degeneration
knockout
title Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities
title_full Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities
title_fullStr Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities
title_full_unstemmed Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities
title_short Constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration: Current status, decision considerations, and future possibilities
title_sort constitutive and conditional gene knockout mice for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration current status decision considerations and future possibilities
topic construction
gene edition technology
gene targeting
guideline
intervertebral disc degeneration
knockout
url https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1242
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