Breakthrough infection evokes the nasopharyngeal innate immune responses established by SARS-CoV-2–inactivated vaccine
Nasopharyngeal immune responses are vital for defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although vaccination via muscle immunization has shown a high efficacy in reducing severity and death in COVID-19 infection, breakthrough infection frequently happens because of mutant variants and incompletely estab...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181121/full |