Exploring Phytochemical Composition and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Grape Seed Oil from an Alternative Source after Traditional Fermentation Processes: Implications for Phytotherapy
This study aimed to analyze the composition of grape seed oil (GSO) derived from an alternative source after traditional fermentation processes and its potential anti-inflammatory effects using an in vivo model of carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice. Gas chromatography high-resolution electron...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/15/2795 |
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| author | Yancho Zarev Lyubomir Marinov Denitsa Momekova Iliana Ionkova |
| author_facet | Yancho Zarev Lyubomir Marinov Denitsa Momekova Iliana Ionkova |
| author_sort | Yancho Zarev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to analyze the composition of grape seed oil (GSO) derived from an alternative source after traditional fermentation processes and its potential anti-inflammatory effects using an in vivo model of carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice. Gas chromatography high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC-HR-EIMS) analysis identified eight main components in the GSO extract, including myristic acid methyl ester, palmitoleic acid methyl ester, methyl isoheptadecanoate, cis-linoleic acid, oleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid stereoisomer, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and methyl (6<i>E</i>, 9<i>E</i>, 12<i>E</i>, 15<i>E</i>)-docose-6,9,12,15-tetraenoate. No significant differences were observed in the main fatty acids between commercially available grape seed oil and GSO extract obtained from fermented grape seeds. In the carrageenan-induced inflammation model, treatment with GSO resulted in a significant reduction in paw edema at 180 min, as in the reduction observed with diclofenac treatment. Combined treatment with GSO and diclofenac showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, GSO exhibited antioxidative effects by decreasing the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. Chronic treatment with GSO for ten days did not provide a protective effect on inflammation. These findings suggest that GSO could be used as an alternative raw material and could possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Further studies are needed to explore its potential therapeutic applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:19:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-acd85fb67ce24fffaa8d7ef408640d4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:19:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-acd85fb67ce24fffaa8d7ef408640d4a2023-11-18T23:25:58ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-07-011215279510.3390/plants12152795Exploring Phytochemical Composition and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Grape Seed Oil from an Alternative Source after Traditional Fermentation Processes: Implications for PhytotherapyYancho Zarev0Lyubomir Marinov1Denitsa Momekova2Iliana Ionkova3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, BulgariaThis study aimed to analyze the composition of grape seed oil (GSO) derived from an alternative source after traditional fermentation processes and its potential anti-inflammatory effects using an in vivo model of carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice. Gas chromatography high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC-HR-EIMS) analysis identified eight main components in the GSO extract, including myristic acid methyl ester, palmitoleic acid methyl ester, methyl isoheptadecanoate, cis-linoleic acid, oleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid stereoisomer, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and methyl (6<i>E</i>, 9<i>E</i>, 12<i>E</i>, 15<i>E</i>)-docose-6,9,12,15-tetraenoate. No significant differences were observed in the main fatty acids between commercially available grape seed oil and GSO extract obtained from fermented grape seeds. In the carrageenan-induced inflammation model, treatment with GSO resulted in a significant reduction in paw edema at 180 min, as in the reduction observed with diclofenac treatment. Combined treatment with GSO and diclofenac showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, GSO exhibited antioxidative effects by decreasing the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. Chronic treatment with GSO for ten days did not provide a protective effect on inflammation. These findings suggest that GSO could be used as an alternative raw material and could possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Further studies are needed to explore its potential therapeutic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/15/2795grape seed oil (GSO)alternative sourcein vivoanti-inflammatory effectsGC-HR-EIMS analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yancho Zarev Lyubomir Marinov Denitsa Momekova Iliana Ionkova Exploring Phytochemical Composition and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Grape Seed Oil from an Alternative Source after Traditional Fermentation Processes: Implications for Phytotherapy Plants grape seed oil (GSO) alternative source in vivo anti-inflammatory effects GC-HR-EIMS analysis |
| title | Exploring Phytochemical Composition and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Grape Seed Oil from an Alternative Source after Traditional Fermentation Processes: Implications for Phytotherapy |
| title_full | Exploring Phytochemical Composition and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Grape Seed Oil from an Alternative Source after Traditional Fermentation Processes: Implications for Phytotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Phytochemical Composition and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Grape Seed Oil from an Alternative Source after Traditional Fermentation Processes: Implications for Phytotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Phytochemical Composition and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Grape Seed Oil from an Alternative Source after Traditional Fermentation Processes: Implications for Phytotherapy |
| title_short | Exploring Phytochemical Composition and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Grape Seed Oil from an Alternative Source after Traditional Fermentation Processes: Implications for Phytotherapy |
| title_sort | exploring phytochemical composition and in vivo anti inflammatory potential of grape seed oil from an alternative source after traditional fermentation processes implications for phytotherapy |
| topic | grape seed oil (GSO) alternative source in vivo anti-inflammatory effects GC-HR-EIMS analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/15/2795 |
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