Deer herbivory reduces web-building spider abundance by simplifying forest vegetation structure
Indirect ecological effects are a common feature of ecological systems, arising when one species affects interactions among two or more other species. We examined how browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) indirectly affected the abundance and composition of a web-building spider gui...
Main Authors: | , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2016-09-01
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Series: | PeerJ |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/2538.pdf |