Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are used by most farmers to remove insects and to increase productivity; however, questions remain on the long-term health impacts of their use. This study assessed the relationship between OP biomarker levels and metabolic biomarker parameters. Conventional farmers (...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/12/335 |
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| author | Pornpimol Kongtip Noppanun Nankongnab Nichcha Kallayanatham Jutamanee Chungcharoen Chanapa Bumrungchai Sumate Pengpumkiat Susan Woskie |
| author_facet | Pornpimol Kongtip Noppanun Nankongnab Nichcha Kallayanatham Jutamanee Chungcharoen Chanapa Bumrungchai Sumate Pengpumkiat Susan Woskie |
| author_sort | Pornpimol Kongtip |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are used by most farmers to remove insects and to increase productivity; however, questions remain on the long-term health impacts of their use. This study assessed the relationship between OP biomarker levels and metabolic biomarker parameters. Conventional farmers (<i>n</i> = 213) and organic farmers (<i>n</i> = 225) were recruited, interviewed, and had physical health examinations. Serum glucose and lipid profiles, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. The average age, gender, education, and self-reported agricultural work time, work in second jobs, smoking status, alcohol consumption, insecticide use at home, home location near farmlands and years of pesticide use were significantly different between the conventional and organic farmers. The urinary OP metabolite levels were also significantly different between the two groups. With an increase in urinary diethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate and dialkyl phosphate metabolites, the total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, were significantly increased for all farmers after controlling for age, gender, alcohol consumption, years of pesticide use, and home location near farmlands. The results are consistent with our previous studies which suggests that pesticide usage, especially organophosphates, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke among Thai farmers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:59:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ad4f1398e62a4dd0923a687c15c9d95a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:59:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ad4f1398e62a4dd0923a687c15c9d95a2023-11-23T10:49:47ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-12-0191233510.3390/toxics9120335Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in ThailandPornpimol Kongtip0Noppanun Nankongnab1Nichcha Kallayanatham2Jutamanee Chungcharoen3Chanapa Bumrungchai4Sumate Pengpumkiat5Susan Woskie6Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854-2867, USAOrganophosphate (OP) pesticides are used by most farmers to remove insects and to increase productivity; however, questions remain on the long-term health impacts of their use. This study assessed the relationship between OP biomarker levels and metabolic biomarker parameters. Conventional farmers (<i>n</i> = 213) and organic farmers (<i>n</i> = 225) were recruited, interviewed, and had physical health examinations. Serum glucose and lipid profiles, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. The average age, gender, education, and self-reported agricultural work time, work in second jobs, smoking status, alcohol consumption, insecticide use at home, home location near farmlands and years of pesticide use were significantly different between the conventional and organic farmers. The urinary OP metabolite levels were also significantly different between the two groups. With an increase in urinary diethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate and dialkyl phosphate metabolites, the total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, were significantly increased for all farmers after controlling for age, gender, alcohol consumption, years of pesticide use, and home location near farmlands. The results are consistent with our previous studies which suggests that pesticide usage, especially organophosphates, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke among Thai farmers.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/12/335organophosphate metabolitesmetabolic biomarkersconventional farmersorganic farmers |
| spellingShingle | Pornpimol Kongtip Noppanun Nankongnab Nichcha Kallayanatham Jutamanee Chungcharoen Chanapa Bumrungchai Sumate Pengpumkiat Susan Woskie Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand Toxics organophosphate metabolites metabolic biomarkers conventional farmers organic farmers |
| title | Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
| title_full | Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
| title_short | Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand |
| title_sort | urinary organophosphate metabolites and metabolic biomarkers of conventional and organic farmers in thailand |
| topic | organophosphate metabolites metabolic biomarkers conventional farmers organic farmers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/12/335 |
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