The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) during Ontogeny
Brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) is an important aquaculture species in Germany, but its production faces challenges due to global warming and a high embryo mortality. Climate factors might influence the fish’s bacterial community (BC) and thus increase embryo mortality. Yet, knowledge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/211 |
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| author | Katharina Keiz Sebastian Ulrich Jasmin Wenderlein Patrick Keferloher Anna Wiesinger Klaus Neuhaus Ilias Lagkouvardos Helmut Wedekind Reinhard K. Straubinger |
| author_facet | Katharina Keiz Sebastian Ulrich Jasmin Wenderlein Patrick Keferloher Anna Wiesinger Klaus Neuhaus Ilias Lagkouvardos Helmut Wedekind Reinhard K. Straubinger |
| author_sort | Katharina Keiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) is an important aquaculture species in Germany, but its production faces challenges due to global warming and a high embryo mortality. Climate factors might influence the fish’s bacterial community (BC) and thus increase embryo mortality. Yet, knowledge of the physiological BC during ontogeny in general is scarce. In this project, the BC of brown trout has been investigated in a period from unfertilized egg to 95 days post fertilization (dpf) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Developmental changes differed between early and late ontogeny and major differences in BC occurred especially during early developmental stages. Thus, analysis was conducted separately for 0 to 67 dpf and from 67 to 95 dpf. All analyzed stages were sampled in toto to avoid bias due to different sampling methods in different developmental stages. The most abundant phylum in the BC of all developmental stages was Pseudomonadota, while only two families (Comamonadaceae and Moraxellaceae) occurred in all developmental stages. The early developmental stages until 67 dpf displayed greater shifts in their BC regarding bacterial richness, microbial diversity, and taxonomic composition. Thereafter, in the fry stages, the BC seemed to stabilize and changes were moderate. In future studies, a reduction in the sampling time frames during early development, an increase in sampling numbers, and an attempt for biological reproduction in order to characterize the causes of these variations is recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:38:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-adad789841bb4d37bd7554d2cb6c4b80 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:38:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-adad789841bb4d37bd7554d2cb6c4b802023-11-30T23:38:02ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-01-0111121110.3390/microorganisms11010211The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) during OntogenyKatharina Keiz0Sebastian Ulrich1Jasmin Wenderlein2Patrick Keferloher3Anna Wiesinger4Klaus Neuhaus5Ilias Lagkouvardos6Helmut Wedekind7Reinhard K. Straubinger8Institute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, GermanyBavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Institute for Fisheries (IFI), Weilheimer Straße 8, 82319 Starnberg, GermanyInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, GermanyCore Facility Microbiome, ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, GermanyCore Facility Microbiome, ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, GermanyBavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Institute for Fisheries (IFI), Weilheimer Straße 8, 82319 Starnberg, GermanyInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, GermanyBrown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) is an important aquaculture species in Germany, but its production faces challenges due to global warming and a high embryo mortality. Climate factors might influence the fish’s bacterial community (BC) and thus increase embryo mortality. Yet, knowledge of the physiological BC during ontogeny in general is scarce. In this project, the BC of brown trout has been investigated in a period from unfertilized egg to 95 days post fertilization (dpf) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Developmental changes differed between early and late ontogeny and major differences in BC occurred especially during early developmental stages. Thus, analysis was conducted separately for 0 to 67 dpf and from 67 to 95 dpf. All analyzed stages were sampled in toto to avoid bias due to different sampling methods in different developmental stages. The most abundant phylum in the BC of all developmental stages was Pseudomonadota, while only two families (Comamonadaceae and Moraxellaceae) occurred in all developmental stages. The early developmental stages until 67 dpf displayed greater shifts in their BC regarding bacterial richness, microbial diversity, and taxonomic composition. Thereafter, in the fry stages, the BC seemed to stabilize and changes were moderate. In future studies, a reduction in the sampling time frames during early development, an increase in sampling numbers, and an attempt for biological reproduction in order to characterize the causes of these variations is recommended.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/211fishbrown trout<i>Salmo trutta</i>developmentontogenymicrobiome |
| spellingShingle | Katharina Keiz Sebastian Ulrich Jasmin Wenderlein Patrick Keferloher Anna Wiesinger Klaus Neuhaus Ilias Lagkouvardos Helmut Wedekind Reinhard K. Straubinger The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) during Ontogeny Microorganisms fish brown trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> development ontogeny microbiome |
| title | The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) during Ontogeny |
| title_full | The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) during Ontogeny |
| title_fullStr | The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) during Ontogeny |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) during Ontogeny |
| title_short | The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) during Ontogeny |
| title_sort | development of the bacterial community of brown trout i salmo trutta i during ontogeny |
| topic | fish brown trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> development ontogeny microbiome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/211 |
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