Heart Rate Reserve in Fontan Patients: Chronotropic Incompetence or Hemodynamic Limitation?
Background Patients with a Fontan circulation achieve lower peak heart rates (HR) during exercise. Whether this impaired chronotropic response reflects pathology of the sinoatrial node or is a consequence of altered cardiac hemodynamics is uncertain. We evaluated the adequacy of HR acceleration thro...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2019-05-01
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Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.012008 |