The chronic disease helplessness survey: developing and validating a better measure of helplessness for chronic conditions
Abstract. Introduction:. Learned helplessness develops with prolonged exposure to uncontrollable stressors and is therefore germane to individuals living with pain or other poorly controlled chronic diseases. This study has developed a helplessness scale for chronic conditions distinct from previous...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer
2022-04-01
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| Series: | PAIN Reports |
| Online Access: | http://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000991 |