Exploring Biomarkers Beyond Exercise Testing: The Impact of Smoking on Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Health among CKD Patients

Exploring Biomarkers Beyond Exercise Testing: The Impact of Smoking on Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Health among CKD Patients

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients often face complex health challenges, including cardiovascular and pulmonary issues. Smoking is a recognized risk factor for these conditions, but its specific impact on CKD patients remains less understood. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sec...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alireza Kashefizadeh, Hossein Mehravaran, Shiva Samavat, Mohsen Nafar, Hossein Amini, Nooshin Dalili
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 2024-07-01
Series:Novelty in Biomedicine
Subjects:
renal insufficiency
smoking
cardiovascular risk
cardiopulmonary health
Online Access:https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/nbm/article/view/44576

Internet

https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/nbm/article/view/44576

Similar Items