Effect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants
Abstract Background Soils affected by salinity are a recurring problem that is continually increasing due to the impact of climate change on weather conditions and ineffective agricultural management practices. The use of plant growth promoting (PGP) Bacteria can alleviate its effects. In this regar...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-023-00463-y |
| _version_ | 1797453627296579584 |
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| author | Miguel Ayuso-Calles José David Flores-Félix Filipa Amaro Ignacio García-Estévez Alejandro Jiménez-Gómez Paula Guedes de Pinho M. Teresa Escribano-Bailón Raúl Rivas |
| author_facet | Miguel Ayuso-Calles José David Flores-Félix Filipa Amaro Ignacio García-Estévez Alejandro Jiménez-Gómez Paula Guedes de Pinho M. Teresa Escribano-Bailón Raúl Rivas |
| author_sort | Miguel Ayuso-Calles |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Soils affected by salinity are a recurring problem that is continually increasing due to the impact of climate change on weather conditions and ineffective agricultural management practices. The use of plant growth promoting (PGP) Bacteria can alleviate its effects. In this regard, the genus Rhizobium has demonstrated excellent PGP capabilities through various plant growth promotion mechanisms and may therefore be a promising biofortifier under saline conditions. However, little is known about the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by bacteria of this genus and their effects on plant development. Here, we aim to characterize the volatilome (the set of volatile metabolites synthesized by an organism) of Rhizobium for the first time and to further investigate the direct and VOC-mediated interaction between a strain of this genus and lettuce, a crop severely affected by salinity, both under saline and non-saline conditions. Results In this study, it was shown that the use of Rhizobium sp. GPTR29 was able to increase the production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under normal and saline conditions. We analyzed the Rhizobium volatilome under non-saline (0 mM NaCl) and saline (100 mM NaCl) conditions by HS-SPME-GC‒MS and found a differential composition in response to salinity. We detected 20 different compounds, where 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and α-pinene were the backbone of the Rhizobium volatilome. Exposure to these compounds in bicameral plates under salt stress resulted in increases in plant development of 17.1%, 16.0% and 33.1% in aerial part size, number of leaves and root length, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions and salinity, the inoculation of Rhizobium sp. GPTR29 resulted in an increase of 17.8% and 27.4% in shoot fresh and dry weight, respectively. Phenolic compounds were analyzed by HPLC–DAD-MS, revealing an increase in total flavonoid content under salinity conditions (100 mM NaCl) and apigenin derivative, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide individually. Conclusions These results provide new avenues for the study of PGP mechanisms in this bacterial genus, such as VOCs and their effects on plant growth, which play an important role in mediating plant–microorganism interactions. Graphical abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:25:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af5390aa26b0460b940665fe7007273e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-5641 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:25:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-af5390aa26b0460b940665fe7007273e2023-11-26T12:33:22ZengSpringerOpenChemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture2196-56412023-09-0110111910.1186/s40538-023-00463-yEffect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plantsMiguel Ayuso-Calles0José David Flores-Félix1Filipa Amaro2Ignacio García-Estévez3Alejandro Jiménez-Gómez4Paula Guedes de Pinho5M. Teresa Escribano-Bailón6Raúl Rivas7Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of SalamancaMicrobiology and Genetics Department, University of SalamancaAssociate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of PortoGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SalamancaMicrobiology and Genetics Department, University of SalamancaAssociate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of PortoGrupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SalamancaMicrobiology and Genetics Department, University of SalamancaAbstract Background Soils affected by salinity are a recurring problem that is continually increasing due to the impact of climate change on weather conditions and ineffective agricultural management practices. The use of plant growth promoting (PGP) Bacteria can alleviate its effects. In this regard, the genus Rhizobium has demonstrated excellent PGP capabilities through various plant growth promotion mechanisms and may therefore be a promising biofortifier under saline conditions. However, little is known about the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by bacteria of this genus and their effects on plant development. Here, we aim to characterize the volatilome (the set of volatile metabolites synthesized by an organism) of Rhizobium for the first time and to further investigate the direct and VOC-mediated interaction between a strain of this genus and lettuce, a crop severely affected by salinity, both under saline and non-saline conditions. Results In this study, it was shown that the use of Rhizobium sp. GPTR29 was able to increase the production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under normal and saline conditions. We analyzed the Rhizobium volatilome under non-saline (0 mM NaCl) and saline (100 mM NaCl) conditions by HS-SPME-GC‒MS and found a differential composition in response to salinity. We detected 20 different compounds, where 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and α-pinene were the backbone of the Rhizobium volatilome. Exposure to these compounds in bicameral plates under salt stress resulted in increases in plant development of 17.1%, 16.0% and 33.1% in aerial part size, number of leaves and root length, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions and salinity, the inoculation of Rhizobium sp. GPTR29 resulted in an increase of 17.8% and 27.4% in shoot fresh and dry weight, respectively. Phenolic compounds were analyzed by HPLC–DAD-MS, revealing an increase in total flavonoid content under salinity conditions (100 mM NaCl) and apigenin derivative, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide individually. Conclusions These results provide new avenues for the study of PGP mechanisms in this bacterial genus, such as VOCs and their effects on plant growth, which play an important role in mediating plant–microorganism interactions. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-023-00463-yRhizobiumLettuceSalinityVolatile organic compounds (VOCs)PhenolicsFlavonoids |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Ayuso-Calles José David Flores-Félix Filipa Amaro Ignacio García-Estévez Alejandro Jiménez-Gómez Paula Guedes de Pinho M. Teresa Escribano-Bailón Raúl Rivas Effect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Rhizobium Lettuce Salinity Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Phenolics Flavonoids |
| title | Effect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants |
| title_full | Effect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants |
| title_short | Effect of Rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants |
| title_sort | effect of rhizobium mechanisms in improving tolerance to saline stress in lettuce plants |
| topic | Rhizobium Lettuce Salinity Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Phenolics Flavonoids |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-023-00463-y |
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