How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading
Abstract Background Squatting is a core exercise for many purposes. The tissue loading during squatting is crucial for positive adaptation and to avoid injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of narrow, hip and wide stance widths, foot position angles (0°, 21°, and 42°), strength exercise ex...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2018-07-01
|
| Series: | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7 |
| _version_ | 1818048425458925568 |
|---|---|
| author | Silvio Lorenzetti Mira Ostermann Fabian Zeidler Pia Zimmer Lina Jentsch Renate List William R. Taylor Florian Schellenberg |
| author_facet | Silvio Lorenzetti Mira Ostermann Fabian Zeidler Pia Zimmer Lina Jentsch Renate List William R. Taylor Florian Schellenberg |
| author_sort | Silvio Lorenzetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Squatting is a core exercise for many purposes. The tissue loading during squatting is crucial for positive adaptation and to avoid injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of narrow, hip and wide stance widths, foot position angles (0°, 21°, and 42°), strength exercise experience, and barbell load (0 and 50% body weight, experts only) during squatting. Methods Novice (N = 21) and experienced (N = 21) squatters performed 9 different variations of squats (3 stance widths, 3 foot placement angles). A 3D motion capture system (100 Hz) and two force plates (2000 Hz) were used to record mediolateral knee displacement (ΔD*), range of motion (RoM) at the hip and knee joints, and joint moments at the hip, knee, and lower back. Results Both stance width and foot placement angles affected the moments at the hip and knee joints in the frontal and sagittal planes. ΔD* varied with stance width, foot placement angles and between the subjects’ level of experience with the squat exercise as follows: increasing foot angle led to an increased foot angle led to an increased ΔD*, while an increased stance width resulted in a decreased ΔD*; novice squatters showed a higher ΔD*, while additional weight triggered a decreased ΔD*. Conclusions Suitable stance width and foot placement angles should be chosen according to the targeted joint moments. In order to avoid injury, special care should be taken in extreme positions (narrow stand-42° and wide stance-0°) where large knee and hips joint moments were observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:21:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afc8efa9f7854f4aaabb8a938311863d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2052-1847 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:21:29Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| spelling | doaj.art-afc8efa9f7854f4aaabb8a938311863d2022-12-22T01:52:51ZengBMCBMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation2052-18472018-07-0110111110.1186/s13102-018-0103-7How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loadingSilvio Lorenzetti0Mira Ostermann1Fabian Zeidler2Pia Zimmer3Lina Jentsch4Renate List5William R. Taylor6Florian Schellenberg7Institute for Biomechanics, ETH ZurichInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH ZurichInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH ZurichInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH ZurichInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH ZurichInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH ZurichInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH ZurichInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH ZurichAbstract Background Squatting is a core exercise for many purposes. The tissue loading during squatting is crucial for positive adaptation and to avoid injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of narrow, hip and wide stance widths, foot position angles (0°, 21°, and 42°), strength exercise experience, and barbell load (0 and 50% body weight, experts only) during squatting. Methods Novice (N = 21) and experienced (N = 21) squatters performed 9 different variations of squats (3 stance widths, 3 foot placement angles). A 3D motion capture system (100 Hz) and two force plates (2000 Hz) were used to record mediolateral knee displacement (ΔD*), range of motion (RoM) at the hip and knee joints, and joint moments at the hip, knee, and lower back. Results Both stance width and foot placement angles affected the moments at the hip and knee joints in the frontal and sagittal planes. ΔD* varied with stance width, foot placement angles and between the subjects’ level of experience with the squat exercise as follows: increasing foot angle led to an increased foot angle led to an increased ΔD*, while an increased stance width resulted in a decreased ΔD*; novice squatters showed a higher ΔD*, while additional weight triggered a decreased ΔD*. Conclusions Suitable stance width and foot placement angles should be chosen according to the targeted joint moments. In order to avoid injury, special care should be taken in extreme positions (narrow stand-42° and wide stance-0°) where large knee and hips joint moments were observed.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7Squat exerciseSquattingKnee alignmentVarus / valugus |
| spellingShingle | Silvio Lorenzetti Mira Ostermann Fabian Zeidler Pia Zimmer Lina Jentsch Renate List William R. Taylor Florian Schellenberg How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation Squat exercise Squatting Knee alignment Varus / valugus |
| title | How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading |
| title_full | How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading |
| title_fullStr | How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading |
| title_full_unstemmed | How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading |
| title_short | How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading |
| title_sort | how to squat effects of various stance widths foot placement angles and level of experience on knee hip and trunk motion and loading |
| topic | Squat exercise Squatting Knee alignment Varus / valugus |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT silviolorenzetti howtosquateffectsofvariousstancewidthsfootplacementanglesandlevelofexperienceonkneehipandtrunkmotionandloading AT miraostermann howtosquateffectsofvariousstancewidthsfootplacementanglesandlevelofexperienceonkneehipandtrunkmotionandloading AT fabianzeidler howtosquateffectsofvariousstancewidthsfootplacementanglesandlevelofexperienceonkneehipandtrunkmotionandloading AT piazimmer howtosquateffectsofvariousstancewidthsfootplacementanglesandlevelofexperienceonkneehipandtrunkmotionandloading AT linajentsch howtosquateffectsofvariousstancewidthsfootplacementanglesandlevelofexperienceonkneehipandtrunkmotionandloading AT renatelist howtosquateffectsofvariousstancewidthsfootplacementanglesandlevelofexperienceonkneehipandtrunkmotionandloading AT williamrtaylor howtosquateffectsofvariousstancewidthsfootplacementanglesandlevelofexperienceonkneehipandtrunkmotionandloading AT florianschellenberg howtosquateffectsofvariousstancewidthsfootplacementanglesandlevelofexperienceonkneehipandtrunkmotionandloading |