Comparison of long-term changes in size and longevity of bee colonies in mid-west Japan and Maui with and without exposure to pesticide, cold winters, and mites
Four long-term field experiments in mid-west Japan (Shika) made it clear that extinction of colonies exposed to neonicotinoid was much higher than for colonies exposed to organophosphates. The incidence of hive death for of organophosphate-exposed and control (pesticide-free) colonies was similar. W...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/9505.pdf |