Sustained morphine exposure alters spinal NMDA receptor and astrocyte expression and exacerbates chronic pain behavior in female rats
Abstract. Introduction:. Sustained opioid use has long-term negative impacts on future pain experience, particularly in women. This study aimed to investigate the underlying spinal neurobiology of this clinical observation in an experimental model of joint pain. Objectives:. In this study, we tested...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer
2024-04-01
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| Series: | PAIN Reports |
| Online Access: | http://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001145 |