Predicting spatial variations in annual average outdoor ultrafine particle concentrations in Montreal and Toronto, Canada: Integrating land use regression and deep learning models
Background: Concentrations of outdoor ultrafine particles (UFP; <0.1 µm) and black carbon (BC) can vary greatly within cities and long-term exposures to these pollutants have been associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes. Objective: This study integrated multiple approaches to develop...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2023-08-01
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Series: | Environment International |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023003793 |