Singular Lagrangians, Constrained Hamiltonian Systems and Gauge Invariance: An Example of the Dirac–Bergmann Algorithm
The Dirac–Bergmann algorithm is a recipe for converting a theory with a singular Lagrangian into a constrained Hamiltonian system. Constrained Hamiltonian systems include gauge theories—general relativity, electromagnetism, Yang–Mills, string theory, etc. The Dirac–Bergmann algorithm is elegant but...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/3/171 |